The novel HALO mini-DOAS instrument: inferring trace gas concentrations from airborne UV/visible limb spectroscopy under all skies using the scaling method

Hüneke, Tilman; Aderhold, Oliver-Alex; Bounin, Jannik; Dorf, M.; Gentry, Eric S.; Großmann, Katja; Grooß, Jens‐Uwe; Hoor, Peter; Jöckel, Patrick; Kenntner, Mareike; Knapp, Marvin; Knecht, Matthias; Lörks, Dominique; Ludmann, Sabrina; Matthes, Sigrun; Raecke, Rasmus; Reichert, M.; Weimar, Jannis; Werner, B.; Zahn, Andreas; Ziereis, H.; Pfeilsticker, Klaus

doi:10.5194/amt-10-4209-2017

Cited by 20 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…It is further in agreement with R GF inferred from satellite measurements (Chan Miller et al, 2014, 2017DiGangi et al, 2012;Wittrock et al, 2006). For R MF , we infer a range of 0.09 to 1.5 with R MF =0.98 (or respectively smaller results when correcting the C 3 H 4 O * 2 mixing ratios by a factor of 2.0 ± 0.5), which overlaps with the lower end of the range of normalized excess mixing ratios previously reported by Hays et al (2002) for different types of fuels in the laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Our results are consistent with recent laboratory studies on biomass burning emissions by Zarzana et al (2018) as well as different field measurements and satellite observations by Chan Miller et al (2014, 2017; DiGangi et al (2012); Wittrock et al (2006) and Zarzana et al (2017). From laboratory measurements, Zarzana et al (2018) reported an average R GF of 0.068 for fresh emissions and different kinds of fuels.…”

Section: R Gfsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Profiling of formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and CO over the Amazon: Normalised excess mixing ratios and related emission factors in biomass burning plumes

Kluge¹,

Hüneke²,

Knecht³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. We report on airborne measurements of tropospheric mixing ratios and vertical profiles of CH2O, C2H2O2, C3H4O2*, and CO over the Amazon Basin during the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign from the German High Altitude and Long-range research aircraft (HALO) in fall 2014. The joint observation of in situ CO and remotely measured CH2O, C2H2O2, C3H4O2*, together with visible imagery and air mass back trajectory modelling using NOAA HYSPLIT (National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) allow us to discriminate between the probing of background tropical air, in which the concentration of the measured species results from the oxidation of biogenically emitted VOCs (mostly isoprene), and measurements of moderately to strongly polluted air masses affected by biomass burning emissions or the city plume of Manaus. For twelve near surface measurements of fresh biomass burning plumes, normalized excess mixing ratios of C2H2O2 and C3H4O2* with respect to CH2O are inferred and compared to recent studies. The mean RGF = 0.07 (range 0.02–0.11) is in good agreement with recent reports which suggest RGF to be significantly lower than previously assumed in global CTM models. The mean RMF = 0.98 (range 0.09–1.50) varies significantly during the different observational settings, but overall appears to be much larger (up to a factor of 5) than previous reports suggest when applaying a correction factor of 2.0 ± 0.5 to account for the additional dicarbonyls included in the C3H4O2* measurements. Using recently reported emission factors of CH2O for tropical forests, our observations suggest emission factors of EFG = 0.25 (range 0.11 to 0.52) g per kg for C2H2O2, and EFM = 4.7 (range 0.5 to 8.64) g per kg for C3H4O2*. While EFG agrees well with recent reports, EFM is (like RMF) slightly larger than reported in other studies, presumably due to the different plume ages or fuels studied. Our observations of these critical carbonyls and intermediate oxidation products may support future photochemical modelling of air pollution over tropical vegetation, as well as validate past and present space-borne observations of the respective species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: R Gfsupporting

confidence: 92%

Profiling of formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and CO over the Amazon: Normalised excess mixing ratios and related emission factors in biomass burning plumes

Kluge¹,

Hüneke²,

Knecht³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…They are the mini-DOAS instrument for remote sensing measurements of O 3 , NO 2 , and BrO (Hüneke et al, 2017), FAIRO (Fast Airborne Ozone monitor) for the measurements of in situ O 3 (Zahn et al, 2012), GhOST (Gas chromatograph for the Observational Studies using Tracers) for the in situ measurements of the organic brominated source gases (Sala et al, 2014) and SF 6 mean air mass lag-times (Bönisch et al, 2009), and UMAQS (University of Mainz Airborne QCL (quantum cascade laser) Spectrometer) for in situ measurements of air mass transport tracers N 2 O and CO (Müller et al, 2015;Kunkel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Instruments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and inorganic bromine measurements around the extratropical tropopause and lowermost stratosphere: Insights into the transport pathways and total bromine

Rotermund

Bense

Chipperfield

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. We report on measurements of total bromine (Brtot) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere taken during 15 flights with the German High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO). The research campaign WISE (Wave-driven ISentropic Exchange) included regions over the North Atlantic, Norwegian Sea and north-western Europe in fall 2017. Brtot is calculated from measured total organic bromine (Brorg) added to inorganic bromine (Bryinorg), evaluated from measured BrO and photochemical modelling. Combining these data, the weighted-mean [Brtot] is 19.2 ± 1.2 ppt in the northern hemispheric lower stratosphere (LS) in agreement with expectations for Brtot in the middle stratosphere (Engel and Rigby et al. (2018)). The data reflects the expected variability in Brtot in the LS due to variable influx of shorter-lived brominated source and product gases from different regions of entry. A closer look into Brorg and Bryinorg, as well as simultaneously measured transport tracers (CO and N2O) and an air mass lag-time tracer (SF6), suggests that bromine-rich air masses persistently protruded into the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) in boreal summer, creating a high bromine region (HBrR). A subsection, HBrR*, has a weighted average of [Brtot] = 20.9 ± 0.8 ppt. The most probable source region is former air from the tropical upper troposphere and tropopause layer (UT/TTL) with a weighted mean [Brtot] = 21.6 ± 0.7 ppt. CLaMS Lagrangian transport modelling shows that the HBrR air mass consists of 51.2 % from the tropical troposphere, 27.1 % from the stratospheric background, and 6.4 % from the mid-latitude troposphere (as well as contributions from other domains). The majority of the surface air reaching the HBrR is from the Asian monsoon and its adjacent tropical regions, which greatly influences trace gas transport into the LMS in boreal summer and fall. Tropical cyclones from Central America in addition to air associated with the Asian monsoon region contribute to the elevated Brtot observed in the UT/TTL. TOMCAT global 3–D model simulations of a concurrent increase of Brtot show an associated O3 change of −2.6 ± 0.7 % in the LS and −3.1 ± 0.7 % near the tropopause. Our study of varying Brtot in the LS also emphasizes the need for more extensive monitoring of stratospheric Brtot globally and seasonally to fully understand its impact on LMS O3 and its radiative forcing of climate, as well as in aged air in the middle stratosphere to elucidate the stratospheric trend in bromine.

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“…The possible influence of horizontal advection and blowing snow is limited in the data set by applying an upper limit for the wind speed of 6 m s −1 . Note that previous studies pointed to 8 m s −1 as the wind threshold for blowing snow (e.g., Jones et al, 2009) and others indicated that the steady-state approximation is valid for wind speeds lower than the 6 m s −1 threshold considered here (e.g., Liao et al, 2012). Based on Eq.…”

Section: Bro X In Antarcticamentioning

confidence: 58%

Reactive bromine in the low troposphere of Antarctica: estimations at two research sites

et al. 2018

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Abstract. For decades, reactive halogen species (RHSs) have been the subject of detailed scientific research due to their influence on the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and on the climate. From the RHSs, those containing bromine are of particular interest in the polar troposphere as a result of their link to ozone-depletion events (ODEs) and to the perturbation of the cycle of toxic mercury, for example. Given its remoteness and related limited accessibility compared to the Arctic region, the RHSs in the Antarctic troposphere are still poorly characterized. This work presents ground-based observations of tropospheric BrO from two different Antarctic locations: Marambio Base (64∘13′ S, 56∘37′ W) and Belgrano II Base (77∘52′ S, 34∘7′ W) during the sunlit period of 2015. By means of MAX-DOAS (Multi-axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) measurements of BrO performed from the two research sites, the seasonal variation in this reactive trace gas is described along with its vertical and geographical distribution in the Antarctic environment. Results show an overall vertical profile of BrO mixing ratio decreasing with altitude, with a median value of 1.6 pmol mol−1 in the lowest layers of the troposphere. Additionally, observations show that the polar sunrise triggers a geographical heterogeneous increase in bromine content in the Antarctic troposphere yielding a maximum BrO at Marambio (26 pmol mol−1), amounting to 3-fold the values observed at Belgrano at dawn. Data presented herein are combined with previous studies and ancillary data to update and expand our knowledge of the geographical and vertical distribution of BrO in the Antarctic troposphere, revealing Marambio as one of the locations with the highest BrO reported so far in Antarctica. Furthermore, the observations gathered during 2015 serve as a proxy to investigate the budget of reactive bromine (BrOx = Br + BrO) and the bromine-mediated ozone loss rate in the Antarctic troposphere.

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The novel HALO mini-DOAS instrument: inferring trace gas concentrations from airborne UV/visible limb spectroscopy under all skies using the scaling method

Cited by 20 publications

References 85 publications

Profiling of formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and CO over the Amazon: Normalised excess mixing ratios and related emission factors in biomass burning plumes

Profiling of formaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and CO over the Amazon: Normalised excess mixing ratios and related emission factors in biomass burning plumes

Organic and inorganic bromine measurements around the extratropical tropopause and lowermost stratosphere: Insights into the transport pathways and total bromine

Reactive bromine in the low troposphere of Antarctica: estimations at two research sites

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