The nutritional adequacy of plant-based diets

Sanders, T. A. B.

doi:10.1017/s0029665199000361

Cited by 65 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Vegetarian diets are limited in bioavailable iron and so cannot maintain iron balance (Shaw et al, 1995). Other reviews have concluded that vegetarian diets can maintain iron balance if appropriate foods are chosen (Sanders, 1999). Nevertheless, in our study the vegetarian population, especially the vegan, are shown to be potentially at risk of calcium de®ciency (Verger et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Nutritional intakes of vegetarian populations in France

Leblanc¹,

Yoon²,

Kombadjian³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To assess food behaviour and determine nutritional intakes of various vegetarian populations in France. Design: A ®ve-day self-administered food record which was mailed to members of the three principal French vegetarian organisations. Subjects: 145 subjects, aged 7 ± 87 y; 94 classical vegetarians (19% of those contacted), 34 Hindu lactovegetarians (17% of those contacted) and 17 macrobiotic (34% of those contacted). Setting: The survey was conducted between March 1997 and July 1997 in France. Results: Vegetarianism in France is represented by three main classes of food behaviour: ovolactovegetarian (AAV), lactovegetarian (KRI) and macrobiotic (MMK). The geometric mean intakes ranged from 1952 kcalad (KRI), 2051 kcalad (MMK) to 2384 kcalad (AAV) for males and from 1302 kcalad (MMK), 1675 kcalad (AAV) to 1804 kcalad (KRI) for females, after adjusting for age and BMI. The energy consumption in the MMK group was signi®cantly lower than that in the AAV (P`0.05) and KRI groups (P`0.01), respectively. A difference among groups was observed for females (P 0.0002), but not for males. The MMK group consumed less lipid than the other two vegetarian groups, 46 gad for men and 38 gad for women vs 80 gad for men and 61 gad for women in the AAV group and 93 gad for men and 81 gad for women in the KRI group, respectively. Differences with AAV and MMK were statistically signi®cant (P`0.001 for men and women for both groups). Mean protein consumption ranged from 60 gad (AAV), 64 gad (KRI) to 77 gad (MMK) for males and from 46 gad (MMK), 50 gad (AAV) to 58 gad (KRI) for females. Mean carbohydrate intakes ranged from 247 gad (AAV), 321 gad (KRI) to 338 gad (MMK) in males and from 209 gad (MMK), 228 gad (AAV) to 242 gad (KRI) in females. There were no signi®cant differences in protein and carbohydrate intakes between the groups. Median calcium intakes ranged from 758.2 mgad (MMK), 863 mgad (AAV) to 989.3 mgad (KRI) for the men and from 500.8 mgad (MMK), 863 mgad (AAV) to 934 mgad (KRI) for the women. In the men, there was no differences in daily calcium intakes between the three vegetarian groups. However, we found a signi®cant difference for women (P 0.0041). The women in the MMK group presented signi®cantly lower daily calcium intakes than the women in the AAV (P 0.013) and KRI (P 0.0032) groups. The AAV and KRI groups consumed dairy products supplying respectively 36% and 53% for the men and 39% and 59% for the women of total calcium against 0% for men and women in the MMK group. Median iron intakes ranged between 12.5 mgad (KRI), 13.2 mgad (AAV) and 22.5 mgad (MMK) for the men and between 11.2 mgad (KRI), 14.6 mgad (AAV) and 16.9 mgad (MMK) for the women. MMK (men P 0.0172 and women P 0.0131) and AAV (only in men P 0.037) groups consumed signi®cantly higher quantities of iron than did the KRI group. The heme iron median intake in males and females of the three vegetarian groups was very low (`0.5%).Overall, the female vegetarians consumed 58.1 (MMK), 109 (AAV) and 127.4 (KRI) mg of vitamin C per day and the males 76...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Nutritional intakes of vegetarian populations in France

Leblanc¹,

Yoon²,

Kombadjian³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…A substantial population of India adheres to a vegetarian diet for cultural and religious reasons. A vegetarian diet is considered to promote health and longevity by protecting against conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer [5], however this diet may be deficient in some nutrients [6,7]. In particular a strict vegetarian diet has been associated with increased risk of Cobalamin deficiency [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A vegetarian diet is considered to promote health and longevity by protecting against conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer [5], however this diet may be deficient in some nutrients [6,7]. In particular a strict vegetarian diet has been associated with increased risk of Cobalamin deficiency [7,8]. Malnutrition is common in India [9] and tropical sprue, gastrointestinal infections, and other nutrient deficiencies frequently result in a malabsorptive state [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

M.C.V. should not be the only criteria to order vitamin B12 for anemia under evaluation

Jain¹,

Kapil²,

Gupta³

2012

OJGas

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“…In addition, there is the problem of antibiotics being used as growth promoters for animals kept in intensive farming. This use probably contributes to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria (Sanders 1999). Another problem is that of animal disease epidemics and more serious threat is posed by the chicken flu, as this can lead to possible new influenza epidemics or even pandemics, which can kill millions of people (Webster 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%