The occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria and screening the possible presence of residual antibiotics in poultry feed samples

Abstract

The use of antibiotics in the poultry and livestock industries for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, and as growth promoters in poultry feeds has increased worldwide. Such frequent employment of antibiotics may contribute to the development and dissemination of bacterial antibiotic resistance. The present study was an attempt to isolate drug-resistant bacteria and to screen the probability of having residual antibiotics in the poultry feed samples. Therefore, a total of 18 samples inclusive of starter, grower and finisher of two poultry feed brands of reputed Bangladeshi feed companies were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis, antibiogram and agar well diffusion assay. All the samples contained extended numbers of total viable bacteria and fungi in an average of 108 and 107 cfu/g, respectively. Klebsiellaspp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. were predominantly present in the tested samples. E. coli and Vibrio spp. were also found in most of the samples. Most isolates have been determined to be multidrug-resistant. All the isolates showed resistance against Cefuroxime. Penicillin resistance was found in most of the isolates in greater proportion. Higher rate of resistance was evident against Novobiocin, Cephradine and Rifampicin. However, the bacterial isolates showed sensitivity to Tobramycin, Nalidixic acid and Neomycin. The poultry feed samples, especially starter and finisher of both brands noticeably had significant antimicrobial activity against the laboratory isolates indicative of the probable presence of residual antibiotics which might be used as supplements in the poultry feed samples.
 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 30-34

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Ready-To Fry Frozen Chicken-Based Snack Items Sold in Bangladesh

“…The samples were kept in ice-box after collection, transported immediately to the laboratory and then stored at refrigerator before processing. Following complete thawing and homogenization, the frozen chicken-based snack samples were serially diluted up to 10 -4 for the microbiological assay according to the standard protocol [4,[10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…SDA and MFC agar plates were incubated at 25 o C for 48 hours and at 44.5 o C for 24 hours, correspondingly. All the other plates were incubated at 37 o C for 24 hours [4,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…and Vibrio spp., 10 ml of sample was first transferred into 90 ml of selenite cysteine broth (SCB) and alkaline peptone water (APW), respectively for the enrichment. Following incubation at 37 o C for 6 hours, the samples were diluted up to 10 -4 and then 0.1 ml of samples from each of the 10 -2 and 10 -4 dilutions were spread onto Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose (TCBS) agar [4,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Plates were incubated at 37 o C for 24 hours for the detection of typical colonies.…”

“…The standard agar-disc-diffusion method (Kirby Bauer technique) was used to examine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates (either sensitive or resistance) on Mueller-Hinton agar (Difco, Detroit, MI) [4,10,11,13,[18][19][20]. The commercial antibiotic discs employed over the bacterial lawns were Cefuroxime (CXM, 30 µg), Vancomycin (VA, 30 µg), Gentamycin (GEN, 10 µg), Amikacin (AK, 10 µg), Cotximoxazole (SXT, 25), Ceftriaxone (CRO, 30), Azithromycin (AZM, 15), Colistin (CL, 10 µg), Cefixime (CFM, 5 µg), Levofloxacin (LE, 5 µg).…”

Effect of dietary soya oil for optimizing the pullet egg size

“…Fungal infections of the respiratory and digestive tracts have been observed in chicks fed diets deficient in essential fatty acids. Increased susceptibility to E. coli infection has also been reported in chicken feed mostly prepared from imported soybeans and soya meal (Hossain et al, 2020), thus quality oil is needed to be included in the diet. Soya oil is a good source of linoleic acid that can be used in animal and poultry nutrition.…”