The occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophium in dogs in China

Xia, Zhaofei; Yu, Dong-Hun; Mao, Jialing; Zhang, Z.; Yu, Jinhai

doi:10.1017/s0022149x11000198

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To date there have only been a few studies on vector-borne agents in Chinese dogs [ 7 – 9 , 24 , 25 ] but our study has confirmed that B. vogeli , B. gibsoni , E. canis, H. canis and T. orientalis or a closely related organism occur in China. The first three agents are very important pathogens of dogs and veterinarians in China should have an increased awareness of the possibility of infections in their canine patients and appropriate diagnostic tests and treatments should be made available.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Although Wang and Zhang et al were unsuccessful in identifying E. canis infections in dogs in China using serology and PCR [ 29 , 30 ], other workers have found serological and molecular evidence of infections in the blood of 2 % of dogs in Shenzhen [ 7 – 9 ] and the organism in R. sanguineus senso lato ticks from dogs in China [ 31 ]. We have now found PCR evidence that E. canis infections are relatively common in Taixing, Jiangsu province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is very little reliable information on vector-borne agents in dogs in China with only eight reports for the entire country: three using serology (7, 10, 11), one using PCR (13), three using serology and PCR (9, 14, 15), and one using PCR and microscopy (12). Studies with PCR and/or serology methods have indicated the E. canis occurs in dogs from Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hong Kong [ 7 – 9 ] and D. immitis in dogs from Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guangdong and Shenyang provinces/ municipalities [ 7 , 10 , 11 ]. Molecular based studies have shown D. immitis in dogs from Liaoning province [ 12 ] and leishmaniasis to be common in dogs in Sichuan province [ 13 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular detection of vector-borne agents in dogs from ten provinces of China

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundAlthough many vector-borne agents are potential zoonoses and cause substantial morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide, there are limited data on these organisms in dogs of China.MethodsQuantitative PCRs for vector-borne agents were performed to investigate their prevalences in convenience whole blood samples obtained from 1114 dogs from 21 veterinary clinics and a commercial dog breeding facility in ten provinces of China. In addition, the PCRs were performed on 146 Rhipicephalus sanguineus senso lato and 37 Linognathus setosus collected from dogs in the commercial dog breeding facility.ResultsDNAs of Babesia gibsoni and B. vogeli (1.2 %), Ehrlichia canis (1.3 %), Hepatozoon canis (1.8 %) and Theileria orientalis (0.1 %) or a closely related organism were detected in the bloods of the dogs studied, and Babesia vogeli (3.4 %) and Ehrlichia canis (4.1 %) in R. sanguineus senso lato. The qPCRs for Anaplasma spp., Dirofilaria immitis and Leishmania spp. were negative for all blood samples, ticks and lice. At least one vector-borne agent was found in dogs from 5 of the 10 provinces investigated in this study. Overall, 4.4 % (49/1117) of the dogs studied were positive for at least one vector-borne agent with the prevalence being highest in the commercial breeding colony (24/97; 24.7 %).ConclusionsOur study confirms that B. vogeli, B. gibsoni, H. canis, and E. canis occur in China. Also, we present evidence that T. orientalis or a closely related organism can infect dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular detection of vector-borne agents in dogs from ten provinces of China

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2015

Parasites Vectors

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“…The prevalence of D. immitis infection in dogs in these countries varied markedly: 6.9%–20.9% in Korea [7, 13], 0.33%–3.33% in China [15], 3.6%–8.9% in Portugal [2], 34.13% in Greece [6], and 1%–12.5% in the United States [8]. The present study demonstrated that D. immitis infection is endemic in Japan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisamong shelter dogs in Tokyo, Japan, after a decade: comparison of 1999–2001 and 2009–2011

Yoshikawa

Ichikawa³

et al. 2014

Parasite

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Changes in the seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection among shelter dogs between a decade ago and the present were evaluated. Serum samples were collected from 200 adult dogs in urban and suburban areas in Tokyo, Japan, during two 2-year periods (April 1999 to March 2001 and April 2009 to March 2011). Sera were tested for the presence of D. immitis antigen using a specific commercialized kit. The seroprevalence of D. immitis infection was 46% in 1999–2001 and 23% in 2009–2011. A decrease was observed in the prevalence of infection between 1999–2001 and 2009–2011; in particular, the prevalence in urban areas decreased significantly compared with that in suburban areas (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in prevalence between the sexes in each period, but there was a significant difference between mixed-breed and purebred dogs (P < 0.01). The decrease in prevalence of canine heartworm disease in urban areas could be related to better veterinary care.

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“…In China, seroprevalences of D. immitis were found in Sichuan, Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Zhengzhou [5,6]. However, there is no report on dirofilariasis infection in dogs in Shenyang, northeastern China.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Dogs in Shenyang, Northeastern China

Liu¹,

Yang

et al. 2013

Korean J Parasitol

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In the present study, we first report the seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Shenyang, northeastern China. Sera from 528 randomly selected dogs were examined for D. immitis antigen using SNAP®4Dx test kit; 12.7% tested showed seropositive. No significant difference of infection was observed in different genders and breeds (P>0.05), but the difference was significant in different age groups and rearing conditions (P<0.05). The result suggested that the risk of exposure to D. immitis in dogs is high in Shenyang, and should be given attention.

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The occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophium in dogs in China

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular detection of vector-borne agents in dogs from ten provinces of China

Molecular detection of vector-borne agents in dogs from ten provinces of China

Prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisamong shelter dogs in Tokyo, Japan, after a decade: comparison of 1999–2001 and 2009–2011

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Dogs in Shenyang, Northeastern China

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