The ontogenetic development of the diencephalic centers in a bird's brain (chick) and comparison with the reptilian and mammalian diencephalon

Kuhlenbeck, Hartwig

doi:10.1002/cne.900660103

Cited by 91 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For the hindbrain and midbrain, they adapted the terminology for the mammalian brainstem developed by Olszewski and coworkers (Meessen and Olzsewski, 1949;Olszewski and Baxter, 1954). For the pretectum and thalamus, they relied on the avian terminology of Kuhlenbeck (1937Kuhlenbeck ( , 1939, Huber (1929), andCraigie (1931). For the telencephalon, they expressed concern that use of terms such as archistriatum, neostriatum, and hyperstriatum, as per Ariëns-Kappers et al (1936), could promote the notion that the telencephalon in birds is composed almost entirely of a highly developed basal ganglia, which they regarded as unlikely, based on developmental studies by Kä llén (1953) and Haefelfinger (1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei

Reiner

Perkel

Bruce

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

1,076

1,170

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The standard nomenclature that has been used for many telencephalic and related brainstem structures in birds is based on flawed assumptions of homology to mammals. In particular, the outdated terminology implies that most of the avian telencephalon is a hypertrophied basal ganglia, when it is now clear that most of the avian telencephalon is neurochemically, hodologically, and functionally comparable to the mammalian neocortex, claustrum, and pallial amygdala (all of which derive from the pallial sector of the developing telencephalon). Recognizing that this promotes misunderstanding of the functional organization of avian brains and their evolutionary relationship to mammalian brains, avian brain specialists began discussions to rectify this problem, culminating in the Avian Brain Nomenclature Forum held at Duke University in July 2002, which approved a new terminology for avian telencephalon and some allied brainstem cell groups. Details of this new terminology are presented here, as is a rationale for each name change and evidence for any homologies implied by the new names.Revisions for the brainstem focused on vocal control, catecholaminergic, cholinergic, and basal ganglia-related nuclei. For example, the Forum recognized that the hypoglossal nucleus had been incorrectly identified as the nucleus intermedius in the Karten and Hodos (1967) pigeon brain atlas, and what was identified as the hypoglossal nucleus in that atlas should instead be called the supraspinal nucleus. The locus ceruleus of this and other avian atlases was noted to consist of a caudal noradrenergic part homologous to the mammalian locus coeruleus and a rostral region corresponding to the mammalian A8 dopaminergic cell group. The midbrain dopaminergic cell group in birds known as the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta was recognized as homologous to the mammalian substantia nigra pars compacta and was renamed accordingly; a group of ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons at the lateral edge of this region was identified as homologous to the mammalian substantia nigra pars reticulata and was also renamed accordingly. A field of cholinergic neurons in the rostral avian hindbrain was named the nucleus pedunculopontinus tegmenti, whereas the anterior nucleus of the ansa lenticularis in the avian diencephalon was renamed the subthalamic nucleus, both for their evident mammalian homologues.For the basal (i.e., subpallial) telencephalon, the actual parts of the basal ganglia were given names reflecting their now evident homologues. For example, the lobus parolfactorius and paleostriatum augmentatum were acknowledged to make up the dorsal subdivision of the striatal part of the basal ganglia and were renamed as the medial and lateral striatum. The paleostriatum primitivum was recognized as homologous to the mammalian globus pallidus and renamed as such. Additionally, the rostroventral part of what was called the lobus parolfactorius was acknowledged as comparable to the mammalian nucleus accumbens, which, together with the...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei

Reiner

Perkel

Bruce

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

1,076

1,170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An ontogenic series of chick embryo brains (4,6,9,12,14,16 and 18 days of incubation, hatching day: 21) was coronally or saggitally sectioned and investigated for expression of the arginine vasotocin (AVT)/mesotocin (MT) gene. To this end a 39mer oligonucleotide recognizing the AVTlMT encoding sequence of their respective mRNAs was constructed employing optimized codon usage and was used for in situ hybridization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonal Development of Arginine Vasotocin/Mesotocin Gene Expression in the Chicken Brain

Milewski

Lvell²,

Großmann

et al. 1989

J Neuroendocrinology

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An ontogenic series of chick embryo brains (4,6,9,12,14,16 and 18 days of incubation, hatching day: 21) was coronally or saggitally sectioned and investigated for expression of the arginine vasotocin (AVT)/mesotocin (MT) gene. To this end a 39mer oligonucleotide recognizing the AVTlMT encoding sequence of their respective mRNAs was constructed employing optimized codon usage and was used for in situ hybridization. AVTlMT mRNA-expressing neurons were first detected on embryonal day (E) 6 adjacent to the third ventricle. By E9 the periventricular nucleus had expanded in size but the hybridization signal was weaker. These results suggest a migration of cells in all directions away from the third ventricle into the diencephalon; some perikarya were even observed at the lateral pial surface above the optic chiasm. By E12, brain differentiation had advanced to distinct hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal nuclei (supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei) as well as to accessory groups expressing AVTlMT mRNA. Two cell types were then distinguishable in the paraventricular nucleus; the specific mRNA was expressed either as a weak or a strong hybridization signal.Comparison with other studies suggested that differentiation had almost attained adult level though cell growth and differentiation of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei still occurred. This was complete by El8 when individual cells were larger and the intensity of the hybridization signal became very strong.RNase pretreatment depressed the signal by 100%. Northern blot hybridization of RNA extracted from newly hatched chicks verified the specificity of the probe. A single band was evident, indicating an mRNA of approximately 700 bases, which is only found in hypothalamus and not in muscle, liver or extra-hypothalamic brain, and corresponds in size closely with mammalian vasopressin mRNA.The data demonstrate a very early development (E6) of neurohypophyseal hormone gene expression in the chick embryo brain with important differentiation around E9. At El2 magnocellular neuronal arrangement resembled adult neurons but the gene expression signal increased in intensity until E18.Once the egg is shelled inside the hen and once it is layed, the chick embryo develops independently of maternal support. Thus, the chick embryo offers a number of excellent advantages over mammalian systems to study hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal development and function (1). In addition, embryonic tissue is easily accessible and the embryology is well defined. The similarity in the structures, and in part, in the function of neurohypophyseal hormones between mammals and the chicken, suggests that the chicken model could provide very useful information to assess the ontogenetic regulation of these genes and may pertain for all homeotherms.Arginine vasotocin (AVT) and mesotocin (MT) are the avian analogues to the mammalian neuropeptide hormones vasopressin and oxytocin, respectively. Throughout the vertebrates, these neurohypophyseal nonapeptides can be classified into two types according to t...

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“…Im Rahmen unseres Studienprogramms haben T. Saito (1929, 1930a) und der Verfasser (1927, 1929aK. und Haymaker, 1949) Basal des Sulcus limitans liegt im rostralen Abschnitt der Grundplatte die Zellzone des tegmentalen Zellstrangs (tegmental cell cord).…”

Section: Cyclostomenunclassified

“…In einer Reihe von Studien habe ich im Verlauf unseres hirnanatomischen Forschungsprogramms mit meinen Mitarbeitern die prdtektale Region der Amnioten untersucht, wobei wir uns insbesondere mit den Verhaltnissen bei der SchildkrOte (Curwen und Miller, 1939), beim Huhn (K., 1939), beim Kaninchen (K. und Miller, 1942), und beim Menschen (K. und Miller, 1949) befassten.…”

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The ontogenetic development of the diencephalic centers in a bird's brain (chick) and comparison with the reptilian and mammalian diencephalon

Cited by 91 publications

References 13 publications

Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei

Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei

Embryonal Development of Arginine Vasotocin/Mesotocin Gene Expression in the Chicken Brain

Die Formbestandteile der Regio praetectalis des Anamnier-Gehirns und ihre Beziehungen zum Hirnbauplan

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