The optical fibre as a transmission medium

Abstract

Following the invention of the laser, the understanding of optical phenomena has progressed rapidly and new technologies have emerged with enormous potential for useful application. Among these, the technology of communication by light through glass fibres stands out. This review takes the reader from the concepts and science of light guidance to the challenges of fabricating modern glass fibres and engineering optical systems. It includes a review of the most recent understanding of the physics and chemistry of optical fibres. It illustrates the choices that exist, ranging from a variety of fibre structures to options in operating wavelength and modulation format. The reader finds a discussion of the opportunities that fibre systems present for a variety of communications applications from simple telephone connections to high-capacity ocean cable systems.

Carbon nanotubes and fullerites in high-energy and X-ray physics

“…Similarly to the continuum potential, we can introduce a susceptibility ( , r) averaged along the axis of the nanotubes (4.7). Thus the problem becomes to be close to the electromagnetic wave propagation in optical fibers [62].…”

Multi-Method END Study in the Search for 'Defects' in an Aeronautical Radar Element

“…As the resolution is given by the opening of the system and this depends on the size of the antenna, to achieve high resolutions would be necessary very large antennas. As, on the other hand, the surveys are (Potel et al, 1998;Clauser, 1952;Rosethal & Trolinger, 1995;Globe, 1979;Bales & Bishop, 1994;David, Hsu, Barnard & Daniel, 2004).…”

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“…(2) and Eqs. ( 7)- (9). For the Bessel functions JOr, Joi, J 1 r, and Jji, use of the polynomial expansion for Bessel functions of zero and first order21 has been made.…”