The oral microbiome diversity and its relation to human diseases

He, Jinzhi; Li, Yan; Cao, Yangpei; Xue, Jin; Zhou, Xuedong

doi:10.1007/s12223-014-0342-2

Cited by 256 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…Oral dysbiosis leads locally to periodontitis, dental caries and potentially to head and neck cancer (Wade, 2013;He et al, 2015). There is also increasing evidence of a role for oral dysbiosis in systemic diseases of the lung (Beck et al, 2012), digestive tract (Ahn et al, 2012) and cardiovascular system (Koren et al, 2011), yet factors that influence the oral microbiome are poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking and the oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

et al. 2016

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Oral microbiome dysbiosis is associated with oral disease and potentially with systemic diseases; however, the determinants of these microbial imbalances are largely unknown. In a study of 1204 US adults, we assessed the relationship of cigarette smoking with the oral microbiome. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on DNA from oral wash samples, sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using QIIME and metagenomic content was inferred using PICRUSt. Overall oral microbiome composition differed between current and non-current (former and never) smokers (Po0.001). Current smokers had lower relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (4.6%) compared with never smokers (11.7%) (false discovery rate q = 5.2 × 10 −7 ), with no difference between former and never smokers; the depletion of Proteobacteria in current smokers was also observed at class, genus and OTU levels. Taxa not belonging to Proteobacteria were also associated with smoking: the genera Capnocytophaga, Peptostreptococcus and Leptotrichia were depleted, while Atopobium and Streptococcus were enriched, in current compared with never smokers. Functional analysis from inferred metagenomes showed that bacterial genera depleted by smoking were related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and to xenobiotic metabolism. Our findings demonstrate that smoking alters the oral microbiome, potentially leading to shifts in functional pathways with implications for smoking-related diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking and the oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

et al. 2016

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“…Another recent study of primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients with normal salivary flow rate found that the number of bacterial genera and species was lower in patients, and concluded that saliva dysbiosis is a key characteristic of primary Sjögren’s syndrome [20]. Moreover, changes in the oral microbiota are found to be associated with several other diseases including squamous cell carcinoma, atherosclerosis, bacteraemia, and rheumatoid arthritis [21]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Oral microbiota in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1

Bruserud

Siddiqui

Marthinussen

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1) is a rare, childhood onset disease caused by mutations in the Autoimmune Regulator gene. The phenotypic expression is highly variable and includes disease manifestations in the oral cavity, including mucocutaneous candidiasis. Increasing evidence suggests a potential role of the skin, oral and gut microbiotas in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. To date, no information exists regarding the oral microbiota in APS-1. Objective: To assess the bacterial microbiota of whole saliva in APS-1 patients by using high throughput sequencing. Design: Whole unstimulated saliva was collected from 10 APS-1 patients and 17 healthy controls and examined by high throughput sequencing of the hypervariable region V1-V2 of 16S rRNA using the 454 GS Junior system. Metastats (http://cbcb.umd.edu/software/metastats) was used to analyse the pyrosequencing reads. Results: A reduction in the total number of bacterial genera and species was detected in APS-1 compared to healthy controls. The proportion of the major phyla Firmicutes was higher (60% vs 41%, p = 0.002) and Bacteroidetes lower (15% vs 28%, p = 0.007) in APS-1 compared to healthy controls. On the genus level, Streptococcus and Gemella were prevalent in APS-1. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a significantly altered oral microbiota in APS-1.

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“…Dental caries is a bacterial disease of the dental hard tissues (teeth); it is characterized by a localized, progressive, molecular disintegration of the tooth structure [92,93]. Caries is associated with dental plaque of smooth coronal surfaces, pits, and fissures.…”

Section: Two Pathogenic Bacteria From the Oral Cavity P Gingivalis mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases as a Novel Approach to Escape Drug Resistance

Capasso

Supuran

2017

CTMC

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Background: Clinically used antibiotics act through one of these four mechanisms: cell wall biosynthesis inhibition, inhibition of protein biosynthesis, interference with DNA and RNA synthesis and the folate pathway. Objective:The metalloenzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) widespread in microorganisms and present as three genetically distinct families may be considered for the design of antiinfective agents with a different mechanism of action compared to the clinically used antibiotics. CAs are crucial for the life cycle of the pathogen, interfering with pH regulation and biosynthetic processes in which CO 2 or bicarbonate are substrates. CA inhibition was shown to lead to debilitation or growth defects of several pathogenic bacteria. Method:CAs catalyzes the interconversion between carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, leading to the formation of protons, and thus affecting pH homeostasis. Several classes of CA inhibitors (CAIs) are known to date, among which the metal complexing anions, the unsubstituted sulfonamides, the dithiocarbamates, etc., which bind to the Zn(II) ion of the enzyme either by substituting the non-protein zinc ligand or add to the metal coordination sphere.Results: Effective inhibitors for many bacterial CAs belonging to the α-, β-, and γ-CA classes were detected, some of which inhibited bacterial growth in vivo. Few of the inhibitors investigated so far were also selective for the bacterial over the human CA isoforms, which may pose problems for their wide clinical applications. Conclusion:Structure-based drug design campaigns might lead to the achievement of the desired selectivity/potency for preferentially inhibiting bacterial but not the host CAs.

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The oral microbiome diversity and its relation to human diseases

Cited by 256 publications

References 171 publications

Cigarette smoking and the oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

Cigarette smoking and the oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

Oral microbiota in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1

Inhibition of Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases as a Novel Approach to Escape Drug Resistance

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