The origin of prostate gland-secreted IgA and IgG

Abstract

The prostate secretes immunoglobulin (Ig) A (IgA) and IgG; however, how immunoglobulins reach the secretion, where the plasma cells are located, whether immunoglobulins are antigen-specific and where activation of the adaptive response occurs are still unknown. Immune cells, including CD45RA+ cells, were scattered in the stroma and not organized mucosae-associated lymphoid-tissue. IgA (but not IgG) immunostaining identified stromal plasma cells and epithelial cells in non-immunized rats. Injected tetramethylrhodamine-IgA transcytosed the epithelium along with polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. Oral immunization with ovalbumin/mesopourous SBA-15 silica adjuvant resulted in more stromal CD45RA+/IgA+ cells, increased content of ovalbumin-specific IgA and IgG, and the appearance of intraepithelial CD45RA+/IgG+ cells. An increased number of dendritic cells that cooperate in other sites with transient immunocompetent lymphocytes, and the higher levels of interleukin-1β, interferon-γ and transforming growth factor-β, explain the levels of specific antibodies. Nasal immunization produced similar results except for the increase in dendritic cells. This immunomodulatory strategy seems useful to boost immunity against genitourinary infections and, perhaps, cancer.

Seminal Levels of Immunoglobulins and Complements and Their Relationship with Seminal Parameters in Chronic Hemodialytic Patients

“…17 Seminal Igs originate from prostate secretion and less systemic immune compartment due to blood transudation into the seminal plasma. 18 The similar ages of the healthy and hemodialysis groups gave greater credibility and reduced the bias in the interpretation and analysis of this variable.…”

The number of the intraepithelial T cells correlate with the proliferation index in human bulbourethral gland epithelium

“…Thus, immunocompetent cells number and diversity is much greater in the prostate. There are T and B cells, macrophages, and natural killers cells; most of them are activated [ 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The authors consider the immunological barrier in the bulbourethral glands to be relatively weak due to low probability of tissues contact with sperm antigens there [ 13 ].…”

“…T cells predominate among leukocytes infiltrating human bulbourethral gland epithelium [ 13 ], where they are supposed to provide antitumor protection, as well as to form a local immunological barrier against antigens of sperm and urogenital mucous membranes microbiota [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Relationships between spermogram indexes in males with chronic bacterial prostatitis and the levels of local antimicrobial factors

“…Очевидно, что изменения в составе и уровне антимикробных факторов семенной плазмы могут свидетельствовать о дисфункции половых путей. Простата является частью общей иммунной системы слизистых, и ее эпителиальные клетки непосредственно участвуют в трансцитозе секреторной формы IgA [5], и его уровень в семенной плазме повышается при простатите, что отражается в нашей работе значимой положительной корреляцией sIgA и количеством эпителиальных клеток в спермоплазме. Увеличе рецепторы, экспрессирующиеся в яичке и прикрепляющиеся к мембране сперматозоидов гликофосфатидилинозитолом во время сперматогенеза [6].…”