The Osteogenic Potential of Mesoporous Bioglasses/Silk and Non-Mesoporous Bioglasses/Silk Scaffolds in Ovariectomized Rats: In vitro and In vivo Evaluation

Abstract

Silk-based scaffolds have been introduced to bone tissue regeneration for years, however, their local therapeutic efficency in bone metabolic disease condition has been seldom reported. According to our previous report, mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG)/silk scaffolds exhibits superior in vitro bioactivity and in vivo osteogenic properties compared to non-mesoporous bioactive glass (BG)/silk scaffolds, but no information could be found about their efficiency in osteoporotic (OVX) environment. This study investigated a biomaterial-based approach for improving MSCs behavior in vitro, and accelerating OVX defect healing by using 3D BG/silk and MBG/silk scaffolds, and pure silk scaffolds as control. The results of SEM, CCK-8 assay and quantitative ALP activity showed that MBG/silk scaffolds can improve attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of both O-MSCs and sham control. In vivo therapeutic efficiency was evaluated by μCT analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, safranin O staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, indicating accelerated bone formation with compatible scaffold degradation and reduced osteoclastic response of defect healing in OVX rats after 2 and 4 weeks treatment, with a rank order of MBG/silk > BG/silk > silk group. Immunohistochemical markers of COL I, OPN, BSP and OCN also revealed that MBG/silk scaffolds can better induce accelerated collagen and non-collagen matrix production. The findings of this study suggest that MBG/silk scaffolds provide a better environment for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, and act as potential substitute for treating local osteoporotic defects.

Evaluating the osseointegration of nanostructured titanium implants in animal models: Current experimental methods and perspectives (Review)

“…This technique may be beneficial for the evaluation of degradable osteoinductive biomaterials because it demonstrates organic components of bone, such as osteocalcin 82,91,92 [Figs. 5(b) and 5(e)]; osteopontin; and type I collagen [ Fig.…”

“…5(d)]. After using a decalcification solution, [91][92][93] the samples may be processed using a routine histological paraffin-embedding technique. The most common decalcifying solution is the neutral ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).…”

“…The most common decalcifying solution is the neutral ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). [91][92][93] Decalcification time depends on the sample size. Because the demineralization in EDTA requires approximately 8-10 weeks, alternative solutions of acids may be used to accelerate the process.…”

Physico-chemical and biological studies on three-dimensional porous silk/spray-dried mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds

“…Silk/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds acted as a platform for the formation of new bone tissue thanks to the osteoconductivity of the material that resulted in increased bone matrix production and secondly, by providing nucleation sites for the newly formed minerals [17,18]. On the other hand mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) has been proposed for the preparation of silk-based composite scaffolds [19][20][21][22].…”

Promotion of in vivo degradability, vascularization and osteogenesis of calcium sulfate-based bone cements containing nanoporous lithium doping magnesium silicate

“…However, the pH of the solution for 20 nl-MSC slightly increased from 7.40 to 7.45, indicating that some basic products emerged after the degradation of nl-MS, which might neutralize the acidic degradable products of CSD. According to previous studies, a slightly alkalinized microenvironment might be favorable for cell 20,21 Therefore, the pH of 7.45 for 20 mL-MSC might promote cells/bone tissue ingrowth and new bone regeneration.…”