The outcome of diabetic pregnancies in relation to the mother's blood sugar level

Karlsson, K.; Kjellmer, Ingemar

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(72)90118-4

Cited by 332 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, it is interesting to note that similar results have been reported for the human fetus. The hyperglycemic state has been shown to be associated with increased risk for embryonic dysmorphogenesis [28]. Increased incidence of malformations in the offspring of diabetic mothers with elevated HbA1c levels during early human pregnancy [29] and similar observations in rodent diabetic pregnancies [30][31][32] support these findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Shell-Less Chick Embryo Culture as an Alternative in vitro Model to Investigate Glucose-Induced Malformations in Mammalian Embryos

Datar¹,

Bhonde²

2005

Rev Diabetic Stud

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■ AbstractWe have developed a simple shell-less chick embryo culture system to study glucose-induced malformations. This system involves the culturing of chick embryos from the second day to the fifth day of incubation, with associated yolk and thick and thin albumen outside the egg shell. The system allows the observation of embryonic development of chicks in a glass bowl. Developing embryos at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h incubation, corresponding to the Hamberger Hamilton (HH) stages from 7 to 21, were treated with two concentrations of glucose (50 mM and 100 mM) for 24 h. Glucose treatment resulted in a mortality rate of over 70% in younger embryos. Furthermore, a variety of malformations such as retarded growth, abnormal heart development, macrosomia, exencephaly, etc. were observed in older embryos, which were similar to those reported in mammalian embryos as a consequence of diabetic pregnancy. The glucose-induced malformations were found to be concentration-and stage-dependent, thus emphasizing the roles of the degree of hyperglycemia and the stage of embryonic development in diabetic growth anomalies. Here we demonstrate for the first time that the present system can be used (i) for experiments at early stages of chick embryo development and (ii) for assessing the effects of acute glucose toxicity similar to those reported for mammalian embryos in a hyperglycemic environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Shell-Less Chick Embryo Culture as an Alternative in vitro Model to Investigate Glucose-Induced Malformations in Mammalian Embryos

Datar¹,

Bhonde²

2005

Rev Diabetic Stud

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“…2 GDM complicates 1% to 3% of all pregnancies. 3 Different studies showed that congenital anomalies occur 3 -5 times more commonly in the Infant of Diabetic Mother (IDM) than in the general population 4,5,6 .These anomalies include Neural Tube Defects, Caudal Regression Syndrome, Renal Malformations and Congenital Heart Disease. The risk of fetal cardiac malformations in IDM has been found to be significant, most notably Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Ventricular Septa Defect (VSD), Transposition of the Great Vessels, Truncus Arteriosus, Coarctation of Aorta and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most series have reported spontaneous resolution in survivors within 4 -6 months but there are reports of patients continuing to have abnormal dimensions into the second year of life. 6 Most of the studies in this context have been done in North America and Europe and rarely in other rich countries. In a large population based case-control study (Baltimore-Washington study) showed that the overall risk of structural CHD was 3.2 times more in diabetic mother than non-diabeticmother.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants of Diabetic Mother

Ferdousi

Sarker

Jahan³

et al. 2014

Bangladesh J Child Health

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“…[4][5][6] Maintenance of normoglycemia for all pregnant diabetic women is premised on the assumption of a causal relationship between lower maternal glucose concentrations and diminished perinatal morbidity and mortality. 7,8 However, some data suggest that optimal pregnancy outcomes may be achieved for type I diabetic women if less rigid glycemic targets are utilized. Three studies reported a similar incidence of large for gestational age infants of type I and type II diabetic women despite significantly higher mean maternal glucose concentrations during pregnancy among the former.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing type I diabetes in pregnancy: how near normal is necessary?

Sacks

Feig

Liu³

et al. 2006

J Perinatol

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Objective: This was a feasibility study to determine if pregnant women with type I diabetes managed with liberal target glucose values will have a decreased frequency of hypoglycemia with no differences in adverse outcomes compared with tightly controlled subjects.Study design: Twenty-two women who had type I diabetes were randomized in first trimester to 'rigid' and 'less rigid' groups. Participants recorded blood glucose results and symptoms of hypoglycemia on memory-based meters.Results: Mean maternal glucose was significantly greater in first and second trimesters among patients in the 'less rigid' group. Both subjective and objective hypoglycemias were more frequent in the 'rigid' group. There were no differences between groups in cesarean deliveries, birth weights and neonatal glucose concentrations.Conclusions: Utilizing glucose targets higher than those conventionally recommended in pregnancies of women who have type I diabetes may decrease maternal hypoglycemia while not increasing maternal or perinatal morbidity. The findings of this study justify further investigation with a larger patient base.

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The outcome of diabetic pregnancies in relation to the mother's blood sugar level

Cited by 332 publications

References 8 publications

Shell-Less Chick Embryo Culture as an Alternative in vitro Model to Investigate Glucose-Induced Malformations in Mammalian Embryos

Shell-Less Chick Embryo Culture as an Alternative in vitro Model to Investigate Glucose-Induced Malformations in Mammalian Embryos

Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants of Diabetic Mother

Managing type I diabetes in pregnancy: how near normal is necessary?

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