The People Look at Educational Television

Greiner, Grace; Schramm, Wilbur

doi:10.2307/3119126

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Such experiments are complex (Bronson, 1981;Eckerman, Whatley, & Kutz, 1975), in part because the peers do not always adhere to the planned experimental manipulations, and computer-controlled TV peers may be useful in this regard. On the other hand, it is clear that the sounds and sights of TV are very much a part of the infant-toddler natural ecology in modern culture; Steiner (1963) found that about one-third of parents rated "baby sitting" as one of the main advantages of TV, a point also highlighted in the more recent home observations by Lemish and Rice (1986). It is sobering to realize that, at least under the laboratory conditions described here, infants early in the second year of life can incorporate and repeat behaviors they see presented on TV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imitation of Televised Models by Infants

Meltzoff¹

1988

Child Development

107

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Studies indicate that infants in our culture are exposed to significant amounts of TV, often as a baby-sitting strategy by busy caretakers. The question arises whether TV viewing merely presents infants with a salient collection of moving patterns or whether they will readily pick up information depicted in this 2-D representation and incorporate it into their own behavior. Can infants "understand" the content of television enough to govern their real-world behavior accordingly? One way to explore this question is to present a model via television for infants to imitate. Infants' ability to imitate TV models was explored at 2 ages, 14 and 24 months, under conditions of immediate and deferred imitation. In deferred imitation, infants were exposed to a TV depiction of an adult manipulating a novel toy in a particular way but were not presented with the real toy until the next day. The results showed significant imitation at both ages, and furthermore showed that even the youngest group imitated after the 24-hour delay. The finding of deferred imitation of TV models has social and policy implications, because it suggests that TV viewing in the home could potentially affect infant behavior and development more than heretofore contemplated. The results also add to a growing body of literature on prelinguistic representational capacities. They do so in the dual sense of showing that infants can relate 2-D representations to their own actions on real objects in 3-D space, and moreover that the information picked up through TV can be internally represented over lengthy delays before it is used to guide the real-world action.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imitation of Televised Models by Infants

Meltzoff¹

1988

Child Development

107

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“…1 Authors frequently refer to the use of television as a means of escape; 2 other discussions refer to the classic four media functions of socialization, surveillance, correlation and entertainment; 3 still others in a variety of studies suggest uses as background noise, companionship, emotional arousal, 4 substitutes for social interactions, and as a behavior model. 5 This study utilized the recommendations of previous researchers to confirm that what has been suggested by small sample research holds up in a large, heterogeneous population, and to further determine how individual life styles relate to adult patterns of uses of television.…”

Section: Uses Of Television Viewing and Consumer Life Styles: A Multimentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of television viewing and consumer life styles: A multivariate analysis

Eastman¹

1979

Journal of Broadcasting

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“…2 It is not surprising that, when this "member of the family" becomes incapacitated, repairs or a replacement are usually wanted posthaste. 3 Consequently, so few families remain without a set long enough to establish a pattern in then: substitute activities that it is difficult to ascertain what they would be doing differently if there were no television.…”

Section: Television and Family Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%