The Perceptual Span in Second Language Reading: An Eye-Tracking Study Using a Gaze-Contingent Moving Window Paradigm

Over the last 10 years, tablets have spread to the point where we can now read electronic books (e-books) like paper books. There is a long history of studies of eye movement during reading. Remarkable results have been reported for reading experiments in which displayed letters are changed in conjunction with eye movement during reading. However, these studies were conducted in the 1970s, and it is difficult to judge the detailed descriptions of the experimental techniques and whether the display time was correctly controlled when changing letters. Here, we propose an experimental system to control the display information exactly, as well as the display time, and inspect the results of past reading research, with the aim of being at the forefront of reading research in the e-book era.

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“…Chi et al [5] conducted the same experiment as Mc-Conkie and Rayner [19]. They used LCD in their experiment.…”

Section: Research Of Effective Visual Field Which Used "Window"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, some studies have used a window method of assessing second language reading [5] in addition to a multiresolution display [6]. Chi et al investigated the size of the perceptual span when reading English among Japanese university students who learned English as a foreign language.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Accurate Analysis System Regarding Information Processing within the Gazing Point

Kushima

Suganuma

Mochiduki

et al. 2019

IEICE Trans. Fundamentals

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“…Another, related account involves allocation of visual attention during reading. The premise of the idea of moderating effects of word properties on first-fixation location for the upcoming word is that readers can preprocess part of the information from upcoming words in the parafovea (where visual acuity is lower than in the fovea; for review, see Rayner, 1998, 2009; Schotter et al, 2012) and that the extent of attention directed to upcoming words in the parafovea depends on reading skills (Rayner, 1986; Häikiö et al, 2009; Veldre and Andrews, 2014), reading speed (Rayner et al, 2010; Ashby et al, 2012; for L2 readers, see Leung et al, 2014), and exposure to target language (for bilingual and L2 readers, see Whitford and Titone, 2015). Based on this account, less skilled participants, who read more slowly (i.e., longer gaze duration) than more skilled ones, might have experienced difficulty utilizing information from longer words gathered in the parafovea in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Psychology Broadens Readers’ Attentional Scope During L2 Reading: Evidence From Eye Movements

2019

Self Cite

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While positive psychology has drawn increasing interests among researchers in the second language (L2) acquisition literature recently, little is known with respect to the relationship between positive psychology and mental processes during L2 reading. To bridge the gap, the present study investigated whether and how positive psychology (self-efficacy) influences word reading strategies during L2 sentence reading. Based on previous studies, eye-movement patterns with first-fixation locations closer to the beginning of a word can be characterized as an attempt to process the word with a local strategy, whereas first-fixation locations farther away from the beginning and closer to the center of a word can be considered as an attempt to use a global strategy. Eye movements of a group of Japanese learners of English (N = 59) were monitored, and L2 reading self-efficacy was used to assess the participants’ positive belief toward their L2 reading skills. Based on Fredrickson’s (1998) broaden-and-build theory, we predicted an effect of L2 reading self-efficacy on participants’ first-fixation locations. Results from mixed-effects regression showed that while reading strategies depended in part on other factors such as L2 reading proficiency and word properties, L2 self-efficacy influenced reading strategy. The present data suggest that while more self-efficacious L2 readers prefer a more efficient global strategy, attempting to read the word as a whole word, less self-efficacious L2 readers tend to employ a local strategy, focusing more on sublexical information. These findings lend support to the broaden-and-build theory in the context of L2 processing. The present study has implications for how positive psychology works along with L2 proficiency in the development of strategic selection during reading.

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“…The R software [56], and specifically the lme4 library [57], has been utilized to fit the linear mixed effects hierarchical models of the relationship between our dependent variables and the explanatory factors. A chart outlining the analytical steps followed in the study is presented in Figure 1. alternative model including the additional parameters via LRT [54].…”

Section: Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hierarchical Multilevel Approach in Assessing Factors Explaining Country-Level Climate Change Vulnerability

et al. 2020

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Assessing vulnerability is key in the planning of climate change adaptation policies and, more importantly, in determining actions increasing resilience across different locations. This study presents the results of a hierarchical linear multilevel modeling approach that utilizes as dependent variable the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) Climate Change Vulnerability Index and explores the relative impact of a number of macro-level characteristics on vulnerability, including GDP, public debt, population, agricultural coverage and sociopolitical and institutional conditions. A 1995–2016 annual time series that yields a panel dataset of 192 countries is employed. Findings suggest that country-level climate change vulnerability is responding (strongly) to the majority of the explanatory variables considered. Findings also confirm that less-developed countries demonstrate increased vulnerability compared to the developed ones and those in transition stages. While these results indeed warrant further attention, they provide a background for a more nuanced understanding of aspects defining country-level patterns of climate vulnerability.

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The Perceptual Span in Second Language Reading: An Eye-Tracking Study Using a Gaze-Contingent Moving Window Paradigm

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Development of a Novel Accurate Analysis System Regarding Information Processing within the Gazing Point

Development of a Novel Accurate Analysis System Regarding Information Processing within the Gazing Point

Positive Psychology Broadens Readers’ Attentional Scope During L2 Reading: Evidence From Eye Movements

A Hierarchical Multilevel Approach in Assessing Factors Explaining Country-Level Climate Change Vulnerability

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