The Perfect Storm: Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic Meets Overfat Pandemic

Maffetone, Philip; Laursen, Paul B.

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00135

Cited by 53 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Although the most important goals are to reduce the rate of virus transmission and to develop pharmacological agents, at the same time, we must not underestimate PA and exercise as tools against a sedentary lifestyle [ 4 , 5 ] and for maintaining an adequate health status [ 7 , 8 ]. Physical activity and exercise could also be a powerful combination for overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in many ways, especially for vulnerable groups (e.g., those with underlying conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, hypertension, cancer, and excess body fat, and for those aged ≥65 years) [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults

Bourdas

Zacharakis

2020

Sports

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It is well known that physical inactivity increases the risk of global death; however, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown strategy on physical activity (PA) remains unclear. This study compared PA—i.e., daily occupation, transportation to and from daily occupation, leisure time activities, and regular sporting activities—prior (PRE) and during (POST) the on-going COVID-19 outbreak in the Greece lockdown environment. A Greek version of the web-based Active-Q questionnaire was used to access PA. The questionnaire was filled out twice (once each for the PRE and POST conditions) by 8495 participants (age = 37.2 ± 0.2 years (95% confidence interval (CI), 36.9–37.5); males = 38.3% (95%CI, 36.7–40.0); females = 61.7% (95%CI, 60.4–63.0). The relative frequency of overall sporting activities, which, prior to lockdown, occurred at least once per month, and overall participation in competitive sports was significantly reduced (8.6% (95%CI, 7.9–9.3) and 84.7% (95%CI, 82.9–86.6) respectively). With the exception of overall leisure time activities, which were significantly increased in the POST condition, daily occupational, transportation, and sporting activities significant reduced (p < 0.05). Overall PA was reduced in all genders, age, body mass index (BMI) and PA level subgroups in the POST condition, and an interaction between the males and High PA subgroups was observed. The change in overall PA (from PRE to POST conditions) was −16.3% (95%CI, −17.3 to −15.4), while in daily occupational, transportation, and sporting activities, it was −52.9% (95%CI, −54.8–51.0), −41.1% (95%CI, −42.8–39.5) and −23.9% (95%CI, −25.1–22.8), respectively. Thus, the lockdown period is highly associated with a negative change in overall PA. During lockdown, inactivity increased dramatically, with males and the high PA population affected significantly more. The decline in PA is a great concern due to possible long-term consequences on public health and healthcare system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults

Bourdas

Zacharakis

2020

Sports

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“…Since the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009, there has been an increase in the number of investigations regarding the relationship between worsening respiratory infections and body mass index (52,53) . It has been found that obesity is an independent risk factor for the severity of the disease, the length of hospitalisation and increased mortality (53,54) .…”

Section: Malnutrition Obesity and The Increased Risk For Viral Respimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, metabolic dysregulation caused by excess adiposity compromises the immune system and the host's defence mechanisms (54) . There is a direct link between chronic inflammation and the cytokine storm that favours the respiratory distress syndrome of patients with COVID-19 (56) .…”

Section: Malnutrition Obesity and The Increased Risk For Viral Respimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This evidence is due to the part of these individuals present obesity and associated diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, CVD, kidney and liver disease. Besides, the increased risk for respiratory infections and lung diseases is directly related to the severity of COVID-19 (54) .…”

Section: Malnutrition Obesity and The Increased Risk For Viral Respimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional status, diet and viral respiratory infections: perspectives for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

et al. 2020

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COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic in 2020. Host preparation to combat the virus is an important strategy to avoid COVID-19 severity. Thus, the relationship between eating habits, nutritional status, and their effects on the immune response and further implications in viral respiratory infections are important topics discussed in this revision. Malnutrition causes the most diverse alterations in the immune system, suppressing of the immune response and increasing the susceptibility to infections as SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, obesity induces low-grade chronic inflammation caused by excess adiposity, which increases angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It decreases the immune response favoring SARS-CoV-2 virulence and promoting respiratory distress syndrome. The present review highlights the importance of food choices considering their inflammatory effects, consequently increasing the viral susceptibility observed in malnutrition and obesity. Healthy eating habits, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and probiotics are strategies for COVID-19 prevention. Therefore, a diversified and balanced diet can contribute to the improvement of the immune response to viral infections such as COVID-19.

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“…Abnormalities include underfat and overfat, which impair health (2) . While overfat, whose global prevalence may exceed 80 % (3) , is a common cause of chronic disease, physical impairment and raises the risk of infectious disease, both overfat and underfat are associated with immune impairment, in particular reduced glutathione and increased oxidative stress levels (4) . Both conditions can also influence the appearance of leanness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutional thinness: body fat metabolism and skeletal muscle are important factors

Maffetone

2020

Br J Nutr

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The Perfect Storm: Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic Meets Overfat Pandemic

Cited by 53 publications

References 53 publications

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults

Nutritional status, diet and viral respiratory infections: perspectives for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Constitutional thinness: body fat metabolism and skeletal muscle are important factors

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