The phylogenetics of Leucocytozoon caulleryi infecting broiler chickens in endemic areas in Indonesia

Abstract

Aim:The objective of this research was to determine the species and strains of Leucocytozoon caulleryi and study the phylogenetics of L. caulleryi of broiler chickens in endemic areas in Indonesia.Materials and Methods:Blood samples were collected from broiler chickens originated from endemic area in Indonesia, i.e., Pasuruan, Lamongan, Blitar, Lumajang, Boyolali, Purwokerto, and Banjarmasin in 2017. Collected blood was used for microscopic examination, sequencing using BLAST method to identify the nucleotide structure of cytochrome b (cyt b) gene that determines the species, and the phylogenetics analysis of L. caulleryi that infected broiler chickens in endemic areas in Indonesia, using Mega 5 software.Results:The results showed that Plasmodium sp. and L. caulleryi were infected broiler chickens in endemic areas in Indonesia. L. caulleryi in one area had very close phylogenetic relations with those in other areas. The genetic distance between L. caulleryi taxa from various endemic areas is very close (<5%).Conclusion:There is a very close phylogenetics among strains of L. caulleryi that infected broiler chickens in various endemic areas in Indonesia.

Sequence analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of Sarcoptes scabiei isolated from goats and rabbits in East Java, Indonesia

“…The amplified PCR product was electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel in 1× Tris-borate-EDTA buffer with pH 8.3 and 0.03 μl ethidium bromide. The gel was visualized under ultraviolet light [15,19].…”

Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi in chickens in Thailand

“…Although the genetic diversity of Leucocytozoon sp. based on the sequences of cytb gene has been investigated in several countries 8 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 22 , 25 , 31 , little is known about the genetic diversity and the phylogeny of L. sabrazesi Thailand strain. In this study, the cytb gene in chicken population sampled in the northern, western and southern areas of Thailand was employed to determine the genetic diversity of L. sabrazesi in these regions.…”

“…infection is direct microscopic observation of the circulating gametocytes in Giemsa-stained blood smear. In addition, detection of parasites DNA or RNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method utilizing primers derived from parasites mitochondrial cytochrome b ( cytb ) gene could be more common reliable and widely used in diagnosing the infections particular in laboratory for high sensitivity and specificity even when blood smears are negative in case of low parasitemia or early stage of infection in animals 9 , 12 , 20 – 22 . Little is known about the prevalence of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi in Thailand.…”

Malária aviária: desenvolvimento eritrocítico de parasitas através de infecção experimental, identificação e classificação de novas espécies de hemosporídeos

“…Plasmodium é o grupo de parasitas sanguíneos mais bem estudado e conhecido pelo fato de incluir espécies tidas como agentes etiológicos da malária humana, uma doença comum em regiões tropicais4 . As espécies de Plasmodium que infectam aves são divididas em cinco subgêneros classificados com base na morfologia dos gametócitos, merontes e preferência por Culicoides arakawae)29 . O subgênero Leucocytozoon apresenta uma grande diversidade de espécies descritas (cerca de 143) das quais 36 são válidas mediante abordagens morfológicas21 .…”

“…Leucocytozoon caulleryi é uma espécie estritamente específica. Este parasita se desenvolve frequentemente em galinhas domésticas29 , não infectando patos, gansos, perus e pombos domésticos4 . Em geral, a infecção experimental de aves pertencentes a mesma ordem, porém de diferentes famílias não gera resultados satisfatórios quando infectadas com as mesmas espécies de Leucocytozoon4 .…”