The piezoelectric cochlear implant: Concept, feasibility, challenges, and issues

Mukherjee, Niloy; Roseman, R.D.; Willging, J. Paul

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(2000)53:2<181::aid-jbm8>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A bio-inspired auditory sensor or an artificial basilar membrane that mimics the biological cochlea is the most promising solution for an advanced totally implantable cochlear implant. (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) It replaces the external microphone and speech processor with one tiny mechanical sensor, while maintaining a low-power consumption and a compact size. The bio-inspired auditory sensor based on the piezoelectric principle produces electrical signals of multiple channels in response to the spectrum of acoustic inputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, we found that many people used sensors that stimulate auditory nerves directly. (6,7) However, such sensors cannot produce charge-balanced electrical signals to stimulate auditory nerves in response to the same acoustic inputs regardless of their position, material, and geometric structure, which might lead to safety issues. (3) Hence, we proposed the use of output signals of the sensor, not as auditory nerve stimulators but as an ultra low-noise and ultra low-power digital signal processor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The digitization of the output signals using analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is required for the digital controller to recognize the signals from the sensor. However, the output signal range of the sensor is 0.1-10 mV, (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) which is too small to be easily digitized; thus, a suitable analog front end or preamplifier array should be included in the system. The analog front end should have a low-noise design topology to guarantee a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio from the minute sensor signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Design of an Analog Front End for a Bio-Inspired Auditory Sensor of a Novel Totally Implantable Cochlear Implant

2013

Sensors and Materials

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Key words: cochlear implant, totally implantable cochlear implant, artificial basilar membrane, piezoelectric sensor, low-noise low-power analog front end, biosensorIn this paper, we present a low-power and low-noise analog front end for a totally implantable cochlear implant using a bio-inspired auditory sensor. We used the "g m of I D " method to design an analog front end as the interface to an artificial basilar membrane with reduced flicker and thermal noises and low power consumption. We fabricated an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) chip with an analog front end using a 0.35 µm high-voltage CMOS process, showing a measured gain range of 40.35-62.94 dB with an input-referred noise of 5.32 µVrms at a power consumption of 272 µW per channel. As proof of concept demonstration, we used an analog front end with an artificial basilar membrane sensor, exhibiting an audio signal transduction suitable for a biomimetic artificial cochlear implant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of an Analog Front End for a Bio-Inspired Auditory Sensor of a Novel Totally Implantable Cochlear Implant

2013

Sensors and Materials

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“…The development of a working piezoelectric cochlear implant poses serious challenges for piezoelectric materials. Current piezoelectric materials have not sufficient properties so that the generated charge can't stimulate the nerves, without any need for amplification [2]. Several researchers carried out various studies on the artificial basilar membrane mimicking structure and function of human cochlea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic acoustic sensor based on piezoelectric cantilever array

Hur

Kwak

Jung

et al. 2012

IEICE Electron. Express

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Abstract:In this research, a biomimetic acoustic sensor that can mimic the functional properties of basilar membrane in mammalian cochlea was fabricated with PMN-PT piezoelectric cantilever array. The piezoelectric cantilever array with ten different lengths was designed to obtain different resonant frequencies. It was fabricated by semiconductor processes and was poled to generate an electrical signal from an audible sound source. The fabricated acoustic sensor was tested by experimental setup. As an experimental result, the resonant frequencies of each cantilever and corresponding electrical signals were measured from 490 Hz to 13,600 Hz and the displacement sensitivity was measured with the audible frequency range.

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“…At present there is an increasing need for small sized high sensitivity devices for various applications. The feasibility of a piezoelectric device based cochlear implant has recently been discussed by two of the authors [3] and polymer piezoelectric devices utilizing bending (flexure) mode piezoelectricity have been proposed [4,5]. Bending mode piezoelectricity [4,6,7] offers very high sensitivity and the effect is described by the following equation [4,7]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Determination of Bending Resonances of Millimeter Size PVF2 Cantilevers

Mukherjee

Shukla

Roseman

et al. 2003

Sensors

Self Cite

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Abstract:The polymer piezoelectric polvinylidene fluoride has found widespread use in sensors and actuators. The bending mode of piezoelectricity offers very high sensitivities and low mechanical input impedance, but has not been studied in as much detail for sensor applications. We report the dynamic electromechanical properties of millimeter size cantilevers made from electroded films of PVF 2 . All devices tested had a single polymer layer. Several resonances are found below 1 kHz and the experimentally observed resonance frequency dependence on cantilever thickness and length are seen to agree well with published models which take the properties of the electrodes into account. It is found that bending resonances are also modulated by the width of the cantilever. Therefore, though the length and thickness control the resonance frequency most strongly, the actual realized value can be fine-tuned by changing cantilever width and the electrode material and its thickness. Further, all resonances display high piezoelectric coupling coefficients (k eff ), ranging between 0.2 -0.35. The data presented here will be extremely useful in the design of sensors and actuators for a number of applications, since the combination of millimeter size scales and high piezoelectric sensitivities in the low audio range can be realized with this marriage of polymeric materials and cantilever geometries. Such an array of sensors can be used in cochlear implant applications, and when integrated with a resonance interrogation Sensors 2003, 3 264 circuit can be used for the detection of low frequency vibrations of large structures. If appropriate mass/elasticity sensitive layers are coated on the electrodes, such a sensor can be used for the detection of a wide range of chemicals and biochemicals.

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The piezoelectric cochlear implant: Concept, feasibility, challenges, and issues

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Design of an Analog Front End for a Bio-Inspired Auditory Sensor of a Novel Totally Implantable Cochlear Implant

Design of an Analog Front End for a Bio-Inspired Auditory Sensor of a Novel Totally Implantable Cochlear Implant

Biomimetic acoustic sensor based on piezoelectric cantilever array

Experimental Determination of Bending Resonances of Millimeter Size PVF2 Cantilevers

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