The Pivotal Role of s‐, p‐, and f‐Block Metals in Water Electrolysis: Status Quo and Perspectives

Abstract

Basic Understanding of (Pre)catalysts toward Water Electrolysis Catalytic Mechanism of HER and OERWater splitting contains two half-reactions, HER and OER, and they present different reaction pathways in acidic versus alkaline media (Table 1). [76,77] The HER is composed of Volmer/ Heyrovsky or Volmer/Tafel steps as shown in Figure 2A. According to the reaction pathways, four intermediate steps including water adsorption, water dissociation, OH-adsorption, and hydrogen binding are involved in the alkaline HER process. Water adsorption is the first step of hydrogen evolution

Low-temperature water electrolysis: fundamentals, progress, and new strategies

“…5e) for discovery of advanced electrocatalysts containing multiple metal centres. [205][206][207] As the nonprecious metal based electrocatalysts cannot sustain for a long time under the acidic OER conditions, the application of developed bifunctional Janus materials focuses on alkaline water electrolysis, which will potentially mitigate the incompatibility, simplify the device design, improve the longevity, and reduce the costs.…”

An Intermetallic CaFe6Ge6 Approach to Unprecedented Ca−Fe−O Electrocatalyst for Efficient Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…Fe 6 Ge 5 was synthesized using the same method as our previous report. [27,62] Fe powder and Ge chips a ratio of 6 : 5 ratio were sealed into an evacuated quartz ampoule to be annealed at 1273 K for 2 days. And then, after grinding the as-obtained sample in an agate mortar, and pressing it into a pellet 8 mm in diameter, the sample was annealed again in a sealed and evacuated quartz ampoule at 923 K for 7 days.…”

Composition Engineering of Amorphous Nickel Boride Nanoarchitectures Enabling Highly Efficient Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…The purpose of choosing nickel borides here is owing to their tunable composition, high intrinsic conductivity, multiple functions as well as the viable 2e − ORR pathway. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The X-ray absorption spectra (XAS), in situ Raman spectra, transient photo voltage (TPV) measurements coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveiled that the variation of atomic ratio leads to the distinct electronic structure of nickel borides, which then alters both the adsorption free energy and adsorption model of active Ni site to the *OOH intermediate as well as the surface charge-transfer kinetics on their surface. The optimal amorphous NiB 2 nanoarchitectures exhibited the best H 2 O 2 selectivity up to 99% at 0.4 V and more than 93% in a wide potential range from 0.2 to 0.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE).…”