The Politicization of Religion and Polarization of Hate in the 2018 North Sumatra Regional Head Election Indonesia

Abstract

The election of leadership in Islam is synonymous with choosing a leader of the faith. This condition gave rise to the practice of politicizing religion to gain popular support. The narrative of electing leaders of the same faith is a mounting issue. As a result, it creates a polarization of hatred based on differences in support, was the case in the Regional Head Election in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Consolidation of democracy at the local level led to polarization of hatred based on religious issues among voters when elections were held. This polarization of hatred based on religious issues can cause segregation and provoke social conflict. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach, a relevant literature search, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The research findings show the amplification of religious issues in the 2018 North Sumatra Regional Head Election, primarily through the intermediary role of religious leaders and elite political ‘shops’ who are closely synonymous with Islam. The background beliefs of different actors, and the strengthening the politicization of religion is one of the advantages of one of the actors. Moreover, religious leaders can mobilize support through religious activities that may cause serious polarization. Hate polarization may occur among supporters of each candidate due to the growing issue of religion, especially the issue of "religious blasphemy", which is associated with one of the candidate pairs. The role of Islamic community organizations and the movement of actors' closeness to Muslims, strengthen the polarization. It is vital to strengthen and embrace all by using religious figures to reduce the impact of conflict on regional head elections towards a happy and diverse community where respect and tolerance abound.

The Identity of Places of Worship as a Means of Spiritualism and Political Propaganda in Indonesia

“…In Indonesia, to be precise, the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election was the latest political event heavily loaded with the politicization of religion, which also had implications for political polarization (Sembiring et al, 2023). The Al Maidah case that imprisoned Basuki Tjahja Purnama is the primary evidence.…”

The Commodification of Religious Rituals: Representations of Political Actors in Indonesian Elections

“…Politicians use religion as a tool to build a brotherhood to gain support. The process of commodification of Islam in Indonesia can be seen from various activities that involve religion in political activities (Nasution et al, 2023;Sembiring et al, 2023). Islamic symbols as political commodities aim to gain a positive image and encourage vote acquisition during General Elections in Indonesia (Sembiring & Nasution, 2024).…”

“…Religion, which functions as a moral shaper and a guide to life, has shifted to become a means of exchanging interests in supporting the ambitions of politicians. The 2019 and Jakarta and North Sumatra regional elections were one form of religious commodification that led to identity politics and a polarised society (Nasution et al, 2023;Sembiring et al, 2023). Indonesian society, the majority of which is Muslim, cannot separate religious life.…”