The Politics of Implementing Philippine Tourism Policy: A Policy Network and Advocacy Coalition Framework Approach

Abstract

To examine the complexity of tourism policy implementation, this paper considers the case of Pamilacan Island, the Philippines. It uses the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) and network analysis. Consistent with policy process theories, findings show that individual policy beliefs might lead to implementation networks, but the degree of network integration determines progress in policy execution. The study reinforces the importance of key factors pertinent in policy implementation such as knowledge and resources of actors, as well as contextual conditions including ties of solidarity. Mediating them are micro-implementation processes and informal codes of conduct. This paper not only increases the number of in-depth case studies on tourism policy and clarifies issues in the policy process, but also stresses that there are multiple policy executions when a particular policy decision is implemented. Finally, it adds a layer of complexity to the ACF and calls for its re-examination when applied to a developing country.

There and Back Again: A Tale of the Advocacy Coalition Framework

“…The vast majority of applications, 121 (75 percent), identify two or more advocacy coalitions (e.g., Dela Santa, ; Dougherty, Natow, Bork, Jones, & Vega, ). These applications may identify competing advocacy coalitions as dominant and minority (e.g., Montefrio, ) or may not indicate such qualifying differences (e.g., Miller, ).…”

Policy Change in Comparative Contexts: Applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework Outside of Western Europe and North America

“…• The ACF needs theoretical development to understand and explain the structure and stability of coalitions in different political systems (Li 2012;Ortmann 2012;Santa 2013). • The ACF needs to account for fundamental values of a society that could drive subsystem activities and policy change (Kim 2012).…”

Stakeholder Participation and Advocacy Coalitions for Making Sustainable Fiji Mineral Royalty Policy

“…This research was carried out using a qualitative approach and document analysis in order to i) determine diverse and competing values, interests, and norms held by multiple stakeholders in the case and ii) categorize these participants into several identifiable advocacy coalitions based on the distinct belief systems and solidarities observed in the dynamics of multiple types of interactions or relationships within each group and among the groups [12,24,25], as described in Sections 5 and 6. In terms of four criteria, the validity and reliability of this case study could be evaluated [26,27].…”