The potential of exosomes as theragnostics in various clinical situations

Kang, Ju‐Seop

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816053-4.00020-1

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…5 Lately, exosomal proteins and nucleic acids have received particular attention in several studies exploring the biological processes in which they are involved with therapeutic purposes. [6][7][8] However, exosomal lipids represent other less-explored bioactive molecules abundantly present in exosomes, not only as part of their structure but also exerting regulatory functions in receptor cells. 9 Figure 1 shows the number of scientific publications indexed in PubMed related to exosome genomics, proteomics and lipidomics between 2000 and 2019.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of lipids in exosome biology and intercellular communication: Function, analytics and applications

Donoso‐Quezada

Ayala‐Mar

González‐Valdez

2021

Traffic

170

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that in recent years have received special attention for their regulatory functions in numerous biological processes. Recent evidence suggests a correlation between the composition of exosomes in body fluids and the progression of some disorders, such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. In consequence, numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the composition of these vesicles, aiming to develop new biomarkers for diagnosis and to find novel therapeutic targets. On their part, lipids represent one of the most important components of exosomes, with important structural and regulatory functions during exosome biogenesis, release, targeting and cellular uptake. Therefore, exosome lipidomics has emerged as an innovative discipline for the discovery of novel lipid species with biomedical applications. This review summarizes the current knowledge about exosome lipids and their roles in exosome biology and intercellular communication. Furthermore, it presents the state‐of‐the‐art analytical procedures used in exosome lipidomics while emphasizing how this emerging discipline is providing new insights for future applications of exosome lipids in biomedicine.

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confidence: 99%

The role of lipids in exosome biology and intercellular communication: Function, analytics and applications

Donoso‐Quezada

Ayala‐Mar

González‐Valdez

2021

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170

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“…Those reports are consistent with our present studies. Previous studies also demonstrated that exosomes serve as therapeutic biomarkers in SARS-CoV-infected patients ( Kang, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ). SARS-CoV-2 regulates signal transduction, metabolism in mitochondria, and apoptosis of host cells ( Guzzi et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Gene signatures of SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2-infected ferret lungs in short- and long-term models

Liu

Yeh

Phan

et al. 2020

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) consist of six strains, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), newly found coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread leading to a global outbreak. The ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) serves as a useful animal model for studying SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection and developing therapeutic strategies. A holistic approach for distinguishing differences in gene signatures during disease progression is lacking. The present study discovered gene expression profiles of short-term (3 days) and long-term (14 days) ferret models after SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection using a bioinformatics approach. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and MetaCore analyses, we found that the development of stemness signaling was related to short-term SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, pathways involving extracellular matrix and immune responses were associated with long-term SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some highly expressed genes in both short- and long-term models played a crucial role in the progression of SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection, including DPP4, BMP2, NFIA, AXIN2, DAAM1, ZNF608, ME1, MGLL, LGR4, ABHD6 , and ACADM. Meanwhile, we revealed that metabolic, glucocorticoid, and reactive oxygen species-associated networks were enriched in both short- and long-term infection models. The present study showed alterations in gene expressions from short-term to long-term SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current result provides an explanation of the pathophysiology for post-infectious sequelae and potential targets for treatment.

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“…Furthermore, priming with the S-protein exosome vaccine and subsequent boosting via the addition of the adenoviral vector vaccine yielded neutralizing antibody titers exceeding those of a SARS-convalescent patient serum [ 125 , 130 ]. This exosome-based vaccine is an excellent example demonstrating the possibilities of exosomes as nanotherapeutics.…”

Section: Role Of Evs In the Pathogenesis Of Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans

Caobi

Nair

Raymond

2020

Viruses

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Most cells can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane vesicles containing various proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and signaling molecules. The exchange of EVs between cells facilitates intercellular communication, amplification of cellular responses, immune response modulation, and perhaps alterations in viral pathogenicity. EVs serve a dual role in inhibiting or enhancing viral infection and pathogenesis. This review examines the current literature on EVs to explore the complex role of EVs in the enhancement, inhibition, and potential use as a nanotherapeutic against clinically relevant viruses, focusing on neurotropic viruses: Zika virus (ZIKV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Overall, this review's scope will elaborate on EV-based mechanisms, which impact viral pathogenicity, facilitate viral spread, and modulate antiviral immune responses.

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The potential of exosomes as theragnostics in various clinical situations

Cited by 16 publications

References 127 publications

The role of lipids in exosome biology and intercellular communication: Function, analytics and applications

The role of lipids in exosome biology and intercellular communication: Function, analytics and applications

Gene signatures of SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2-infected ferret lungs in short- and long-term models

Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans

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