The Potential of Food Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides against Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Abstract

Inflammation can cause various chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases. Various food protein-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs) with anti-inflammatory activity have the potential to manage these diseases. The aim of this paper is to overview the mechanisms and the molecular targets of BAPs to exert anti-inflammatory activity. In this review, the in vitro and in vivo effects of BAPs on intestinal inflammation are highlighted. The mechanism, pathways, and future perspectives of BAPs as the potential sources of therapeutic treatments to alleviate intestinal inflammation are provided, including nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), finding that PepT1 and gut microbiota are the promising targets for BAPs to alleviate the intestinal inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary BAPs in attenuating inflammation and gives a novel direction in nutraceuticals for people or animals with intestinal inflammation.

Dietary Taxifolin Protects Against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis via NF-κB Signaling, Enhancing Intestinal Barrier and Modulating Gut Microbiota

“…As a chronic gut inflammation, IBD is a critical worldwide public health problem ( 1 ). Many studies have been conducted to investigate the protective effects of plant-derived polyphenols on colitis to limit the side effects of drugs in the treatment of IBD ( 3 ).…”

“…Mice colitis models induced by DSS have been widely used for the investigation of colitis and IBD ( 1 , 27 ). In these models, DAI value, BW, and colon length are vital markers to evaluate colitis ( 6 , 28 ).…”

“…Cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 play a vital role in modulating chronic intestinal inflammation ( 1 ). It has been reported that the increases of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 can lead to intestinal dysfunction ( 28 ).…”

“…Pre-administration of taxifolin showed protective effects by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increasing SOD activity and anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. Similarly, in DSS-induced colitis, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 can modulate intestinal inflammation through a macrophage-ROS axis ( 1 , 32 ). These results demonstrated that taxifolin could inhibit colitis through mediating intestinal inflammatory cytokines and oxidation resistance.…”

“…Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon with the symptoms of gut bleeding, diarrhea, and body weight (BW) loss ( 1 ). The antigen invasion can activate the mucosal immune response, resulting in the release of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, which can exacerbate inflammatory severity and colitis ( 1 ). However, the use of drugs to treat IBDs is often associated with undesirable side effects ( 2 ).…”