The Preeminent Role of Government Intervention in China's Family Revolution

Wolf, Arthur P.

doi:10.2307/1973353

Cited by 80 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most of the decline occurred during the 1970s, with the "Later-Longer-Fewer" family planning campaign. Research on China's fertility decline has stressed the importance of family planning policies while simultaneously acknowledging the influence of socioeconomic development and cultural factors (Birdsall and Jamison, 1983;Bongaarts and Greenhalgh, 1985;Cai, 2010;Cooney, Wei, and Powers, 1991;Feeney et al, 1989;Poston and Gu, 1987;Tien, 1984;Wolf, 1986). Some studies argue that family planning policies explain a sizable portion of China's fertility decline (Lavely and Freedman, 1990;Chen, 2004 andLi et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s family planning policies and their labor market consequences

Wang

Zhao

2016

J Popul Econ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S China's Family Planning Policies and Their Labor Market ConsequencesIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. . This paper systematically examines the labor market consequences of China's family planning policies. First, we briefly review the major historical evolution of China's family planning policies. Second, we investigate the effects of these policies on the labor market, focusing on the size and quality of the workingage population and its age and gender composition and paying special attention to regional as well as rural-urban differences in the demographic structure resulting from the interaction of the family planning policies and internal migration. Last, we discuss undergoing and prospective policy changes and potential consequences. Though urban areas and coastal provinces have implemented stricter family planning policies, our analysis shows that because of internal migration, the aging problem is more severe in rural areas and in inland provinces. Our simulation results further indicate that the new two-child policy may be too late and too little to alleviate the aging problem in China.JEL Classification: J13, J11, J21, J61

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s family planning policies and their labor market consequences

Wang

Zhao

2016

J Popul Econ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From 1970 onwards, fertility declined rapidly to an average of about 2.7 children per woman in 1980 and it fell further below replacement level in 1990 with 2.0 children per woman (Peng & Guo, 2000). There is a general consensus from the literature that although rapid socioeconomic development across different regions contributed to boosting fertility transition in China, this was largely due to the Later, Longer, Fewer policy and the subsequent more strict FPP implemented by the Chinese government (Tien, 1984;Bongaarts & Greenhalgh, 1985;Wolf, 1986;Feeney & Yu, 1987;Poston & Gu, 1987;Yang & Chen, 2004;Retherford et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2009). There is also, however, evidence to suggest that the onset of fertility transition and the recent trend towards very low fertility in China have both been driven by socioeconomic development.…”

Section: Three Phases Of Family Planning Policies and Fertility Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking the Differential Impact of Family Planning Policies in China: Analysis of Parity Progression Ratios From Retrospective Birth History Data, 1971–2005

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryAlthough China’s family planning programme is often referred to in the singular, most notably the One-Child policy, in reality there have been a number of different policies in place simultaneously, targeted at different sub-populations characterized by region and socioeconomic conditions. This study attempted to systematically assess the differential impact of China’s family planning programmes over the past 40 years. The contribution of Parity Progression Ratios to fertility change among different sub-populations exposed to various family planning policies over time was assessed. Cross-sectional birth history data from six consecutive rounds of nationally representative population and family planning surveys from the early 1970s until the mid-2000s were used, covering all geographical regions of China. Four sub-populations exposed to differential family planning regimes were identified. The analyses provide compelling evidence of the influential role of family planning policies in reducing higher Parity Progression Ratios across different sub-populations, particularly in urban China where fertility dropped to replacement level even before the implementation of the One-Child policy. The prevailing socioeconomic conditions in turn have been instrumental in adapting and accelerating family planning policy responses to reducing fertility levels across China.

show abstract

“…Although these developments provided a favourable setting for fertility decline, it was the state's family planning intervention that was of critical importance to China's fertility transition (Wolf 1986;Lee and Feng 1999). All modern contraceptive methods were legalized in the 1950s and were available by the early 1970s (Tien 1991).…”

Section: The Primary Birth Control Responses: Iud Sterilization Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic change and response: Social context and the practice of birth control in six countries

Presser

Hattori

Parashar

et al. 2006

Journal of Population Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper expands on Kingsley Davis's demographic thesis of change and response. Specifically, we consider the social context that accounts for the primacy of particular birth control methods that bring about fertility change during specific time periods. We examine the relevance of state policy (including national family planning programs), the international population establishment, the medical profession, organized religion, and women's groups using case studies from Japan, Russia, Puerto Rico, China, India, and Cameroon. Some of these countries are undergoing the second demographic transition, others the first. Despite variations in context, heavy reliance on sterilization and/or abortion as a means of birth control is a major response in most of these countries. The key roles of the medical profession and state policy are discussed, along with the general lack of influence of religion and of women's groups in these countries.Keywords: birth control, fertility change, social context, medical profession, state policy, religion, women's groups Kingsley Davis's 1963 presidential address to the Population Association of America offered a new perspective on demographic change: its 'multiphasic' nature. Stimulated by marked declines in mortality and resulting high levels of natural increase, countries that had undergone significant economic development responded in 'almost every demographic manner then known….Within a brief period they quickly postponed marriage, embraced contraception, began sterilization, utilized abortions, and migrated outward' (Davis 1963: 349). Davis provided data for Japan and several Northern European countries to demonstrate the inappropriateness of focusing on single responses, such as the high rate of abortion in Japan or the late ages at marriage in Ireland. (It would have been more appropriate to call these responses multifaceted rather than multiphasic, since the particular sequencing of responses and explanations for such patterns were not discussed.) Davis's focus on multiple † Address

show abstract

The Preeminent Role of Government Intervention in China's Family Revolution

Cited by 80 publications

References 1 publication

China’s family planning policies and their labor market consequences

China’s family planning policies and their labor market consequences

Unpacking the Differential Impact of Family Planning Policies in China: Analysis of Parity Progression Ratios From Retrospective Birth History Data, 1971–2005

Demographic change and response: Social context and the practice of birth control in six countries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About