The preparation effect in task switching: Carryover of SOA

Altmann, Erik M.

doi:10.3758/bf03195828

Cited by 97 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Moreover, most researchers assume that endogenous reconfiguration is a voluntary process, which raises the possibility that some experimental conditions may invite subjects to postpone endogenous reconfiguration until the target appears. This possibility is consistent with De Jong's (2000) failure-to-engage hypothesis and with empirical demonstrations that reductions in transition effects with preparation interval may be different when the preparation interval is blocked or randomized (Altmann, 2004;Rogers & Monsell, 1995). The present experiments provide no basis for distinguishing between these interpretations; our observation of task switch effects is consistent with endogenous reconfiguration, exogenous reconfiguration, and negative priming that begins with target onset.…”

Section: Observing "True" Task Switch Effectssupporting

confidence: 91%

Separating cue encoding from target processing in the explicit task-cuing procedure: Are there "true" task switch effects?

Arrington¹,

Logan²,

Schneider³

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

118

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Six experiments were conducted to separate cue encoding from target processing in explicitly cued task switching to determine whether task switch effects could be separated from cue encoding effects and to determine the nature of the representations produced by cue encoding. Subjects were required to respond to the cue, indicating which cue was presented (Experiments 1, 3a, and 4a) or which task was cued (Experiments 2, 3b, and 4b), before performing the cued task on the target. Cue encoding was successfully separated from target processing when the cue response indicated which task was cued but not when it indicated which cue was presented. Task switch effects were found when this separation was successful, suggesting that there are "true" task switch effects independent of cue encoding. Analysis of the conditions required for successful separation suggested that cue encoding results in a semantic categorical representation of the task to be performed rather than verbal or phonological representations of individual cues. Implications for the authors' past modeling of task-switching performance are discussed.

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Section: Observing "True" Task Switch Effectssupporting

confidence: 91%

Separating cue encoding from target processing in the explicit task-cuing procedure: Are there "true" task switch effects?

Arrington¹,

Logan²,

Schneider³

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, it supports the activation approach (Altmann 2004a(Altmann , 2004b by showing (a) an analogous preparation effect for both task switching and task repetitions, (b) a consistent switch cost throughout the whole run of trials, and (c) a stable within-run slowing effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…We also tried to test the reliability of the basic assumption of the activation approach (Altmann 2004a(Altmann , 2004b, which assumes an analogy in advance preparation between task switching and task repetitions.…”

Section: Experiments 1 (Pi Within-subjects)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Task Activation Predicts General Effects of Advance Preparation in Task Switching

Poljac

Haan

Galen

2006

Experimental Psychology

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Abstract.Two experiments investigated the way that beforehand preparation influences general task execution in reaction-time matching tasks. Response times (RTs) and error rates were measured for switching and nonswitching conditions in a color-and shape-matching task. The task blocks could repeat (task repetition) or alternate (task switch), and the preparation interval (PI) was manipulated within-subjects (Experiment 1) and between-subjects (Experiment 2). The study illustrated a comparable general task performance after a long PI for both experiments, within and between PI manipulations. After a short PI, however, the general task performance increased significantly for the between-subjects manipulation of the PI. Furthermore, both experiments demonstrated an analogous preparation effect for both task switching and task repetitions. Next, a consistent switch cost throughout the whole run of trials and a within-run slowing effect were observed in both experiments. Altogether, the present study implies that the effects of the advance preparation go beyond the first trials and confirms different points of the activation approach (Altmann, 2002) to task switching.

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“…The absence of a "switch preparation effect" in which the switch trials benefit from a longer cue-target interval more than do the nonswitch trials is not without precedent (Altmann, 2004;Koch, 2001). However, the interaction of task repetition cue-target interval has proven to be replicable (e.g., Koch et al, 2003) with close variants of the specific cue stimuli and display used by Meiran (1996;Meiran et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of precuing horizontal and vertical dimensions on right—left prevalence

Proctor

Koch

2006

Memory & Cognition

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When stimuli and responses can be coded along horizontal and vertical dimensions simultaneously, a right-left prevalence effect is often obtained for which the advantage for a compatible mapping is larger on the horizontal dimension than on the vertical dimension. The present study investigated the role of preparatory processes in this right-left prevalence effect using a method in which the relevant dimension was cued at short and long intervals prior to presentation of the target stimulus. In three experiments, the right-left prevalence effect did not vary significantly in magnitude as a function of cue-target interval, suggesting that the effect is due primarily to relative salience of the horizontal and vertical codes, as determined by the task structure, and not to a greater ease of attending to the horizontal dimension.

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The preparation effect in task switching: Carryover of SOA

Cited by 97 publications

References 51 publications

Separating cue encoding from target processing in the explicit task-cuing procedure: Are there "true" task switch effects?

Separating cue encoding from target processing in the explicit task-cuing procedure: Are there "true" task switch effects?

Current Task Activation Predicts General Effects of Advance Preparation in Task Switching

Effects of precuing horizontal and vertical dimensions on right—left prevalence

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