The presence of antithyroid antibodies in patients with affective and nonaffective psychiatric disorders

Lack of confirmation of thyroid endophenotype in Bipolar Disorder Type I and their first-degree relatives

“…TG-Abs and TPO-Abs positivization in our samples were very similar to some thyroid ''naïve'' samples in Catalonia (Serna et al, 2000), but superior to other samples of healthy non-iodine deficient subjects from the same region (Lucas et al, 2010), and different from other previous studies with BD-I samples (Joffe et al, 1988;Haggerty et al, 1990;Fardella et al, 2000;Vonk et al, 2007).…”

“…The number of positive thyroidal anti-bodies in BD reported in the literature varies between 13% (Haggerty et al, 1990) and19% (Joffe et al, 1988) or even up to 28-29% (Fardella et al, 2000;Vonk et al, 2007), especially in the case of patients with rapid cycles (Oomen et al, 1996). In the general population, the presence of thyroid antibodies also appears to be influenced by gender, age (Szabolcs et al, 1995), pregnancy (Nohr et al, 2000) or nutritional state -mainly by the relative presence of iodine in the diet - (Hansen et al, 2006).…”

“…An increased rate of thyroid antibodies has been detected for many years in various psychiatric diseases, mainly in major depression (Laske et al, 2008), postpartum depression (Pop et al, 2006), bipolar disorder (Joffe et al, 1988;Haggerty et al, 1990;Oomen et al, 1996;Kupka et al, 2002;Chakrabarti, 2011) and other affective disorders (Haggerty et al, 1997;Fardella et al, 2000). Other severe psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, do not show the same association (Laske et al, 2008), although other large study revealed a significant association between schizophrenia and various autoimmune diseases (Eaton et al, 2006).…”

Linkage of bipolar affective disorder on chromosome 8q24: follow-up and parametric analysis

“…Thyroid hormones are often useful adjuvants in the treatment of severe refractory BP disorder 28 and lithium, one of the most effective treatments for BP disorder, can alter thyroid function and TG structure. 29 Additionally, studies have reported increased antithyroid antibodies in BP disorder, [30][31][32] although results are inconsistent. [33][34][35] TG is one of the targets of such antibodies.…”

Familial Variation in Episode Frequency in Bipolar Affective Disorder

“…Rapid cycling is more common in women and in people with bipolar II disorder (1,(3)(4)(5). Hypothyroidism, steroid hormones, and the use of antidepressants have been associated with rapid cycling, but these findings are controversial (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Rapid cycling is just one extreme of the spectrum of episode frequency.…”