The Present Status of C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Tropical Grasses Breeding and Molecular Approaches

Tsuruta, Shin-ichi; Shimoda, Katsuhisa; Kouki, Kaori; Ebina, Masumi

doi:10.6090/jarq.49.203

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus, selection for these traits could be highly effective. Flowering traits also had high heritability, as reported in other forage plants (Kwon and Torrie, 1964; Tsuruta et al, 2015). Although plant growth habit is important for turfgrass quality, heritability was only 64.0%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Evaluation and Breeding of Zoysiagrass Using Japan's Natural Genetic Resources

Ebina

Kobayashi

Tonogi³

et al. 2017

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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In the early 1990s, breeding of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) began with the collection and evaluation of >1200 accessions from 100 natural Zoysia grasslands and habitats in Japan. Through this program, the accessions ‘Asagake’ and ‘Asamoe’, with superior agronomic traits and turf quality, were released. Using trait scores of 12 breeders’ lines, we preliminarily analyzed their broad‐sense heritability (H2) to collect basic breeding information. This analysis revealed high H2 in spike length (96.3%) and spike color (98.6%), but low H2 in stolon density (30.1%). The analysis revealed lower H2 of physiological traits, especially of plant vigor after winter (44.7%). These results indicate that breeding for morphological traits could be easier than breeding for physiological traits, especially winter hardiness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Evaluation and Breeding of Zoysiagrass Using Japan's Natural Genetic Resources

Ebina

Kobayashi

Tonogi³

et al. 2017

Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J

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“…Breeding programmes in different countries have exploited the diversity among Urochloa spp. for the development of commercial forage cultivars by recurrent selection over many years (Jank et al, 2014, Tsuruta et al, 2015, Worthington and Miles, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The five Urochloa spp. used in development of tropical forage cultivars originate from defined subpopulations with differentiated gene pools

Higgins

Tomaszewska

Pellny

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background and Aims: Urochola (syn. Brachiaria, and including some Panicum and Megathyrus) is a genus of tropical and subtropical grasses widely sown as forage to feed ruminants in the tropics. A better understanding of the diversity among Urochola spp. allow us to leverage its varying ploidy levels and genome composition to accelerate its improvement, following the example from other crop genera. Methods: We explored the genetic make-up and population structure in 111 accessions, which comprise the five Urochola species used for the development of commercial cultivars. These accessions are conserved from wild materials from collection sites at their centre of origin in Africa. We used RNA-seq, averaging 40M reads per accession, to generate 1,167,542 stringently selected SNP markers that tentatively encompassed the complete Urochola gene pool used in breeding. Key Results: We identified ten subpopulations, which had no relation with geographical origin and represented ten independent gene pools, and two groups of admixed accessions. Our results support a division in U. decumbens by ploidy, with a diploid subpopulation closely related to U. ruziziensis, and a tetraploid subpopulation closely related to U. brizantha. We observed highly differentiated gene pools in U. brizantha, which were not related with origin or ploidy. Particularly, one U. brizantha subpopulation clustered distant from the other U. brizantha and U. decumbens subpopulations, so likely containing unexplored alleles. We also identified a well-supported subpopulation containing both polyploid U. decumbens and U. brizantha accessions; this was the only group containing more than one species and tentatively constitutes an independent "mixed" gene pool for both species. We observed two gene pools in U. humidicola. One subpopulation, "humidicola-2", was much less common but likely includes the only known sexual accession in the species. Conclusions: Our results offered a definitive picture of the available diversity in Urochola to inform breeding and resolve questions raised by previous studies. It also allowed us identifying prospective founders to enrich the breeding gene pool and to develop genotyping and genotype-phenotype association mapping experiments.

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“…The progeny of these original crosses were used to form fully sexual synthetic recurrent selection populations that formed the basis of breeding programs at CIAT and EMBRAPA (Miles et al, 2006). Recently, a third interspecific Brachiaria breeding program was established in Japan at the National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS) and the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences ( JIRCAS) (Tsuruta et al, 2015) after tetraploid induction in B. ruziziensis (Ishigaki et al, 2009). Separate intraspecific B. humidicola breeding programs were also established at CIAT and EMBRAPA in the mid-2000s after the discovery of a naturally occurring sexual polyploid germplasm accession that could be crossed with other apomictic polyploid B. humidicola pollen donors ( Jungmann et al, 2010).…”

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Brachiaria Species and Breeding Populations

et al. 2017

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Several apomictic Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb. (syn. Urochloa P. Beauv.) species are commercially important tropical forage grasses, but little is known about the interspecific diversity and population structure within this genus. Previously published genus‐level Brachiaria phylogenies were conducted with few genotypes and contradicted well‐established morphological evidence and proven interspecific fertility in the B. brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf., B. decumbens Stapf., and B. ruziziensis (R. Germ. & C.M. Evrard) agamic complex. In this study, we characterized the genetic diversity and population structure of 261 genotypes from 14 Brachiaria species and a Panicum maximum Jacq. outgroup using 39 simple sequence repeat primers with 701 polymorphic bands. The genotypes included in the panel included germplasm accessions, commercial cultivars, and sexually reproducing breeding populations. Results of STRUCTURE, neighbor joining, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, and multiple correspondence analyses confirmed the relatedness of the important commercial species B. brizantha, B. decumbens, and B. ruziziensis. Brachiaria decumbens was most closely related to B. ruziziensis, and the diploid sexual and tetraploid apomict B. decumbens accessions formed into two related but distinct groups. The close relationship between B. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick and B. dictyoneura (Figari. and De Not) Stapf. and the unique genetic makeup of the lone sexually reproducing B. humidicola accession were also corroborated by these results. Our findings largely supported morphology‐based taxonomic groupings in Brachiaria and indicated that genus‐level phylogenies are made more robust by the inclusion of many polymorphic markers and multiple genotypes from each species.

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The Present Status of C<sub>4</sub> Tropical Grasses Breeding and Molecular Approaches

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Evaluation and Breeding of Zoysiagrass Using Japan's Natural Genetic Resources

Evaluation and Breeding of Zoysiagrass Using Japan's Natural Genetic Resources

The five Urochloa spp. used in development of tropical forage cultivars originate from defined subpopulations with differentiated gene pools

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Brachiaria Species and Breeding Populations

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