The prevalence and intensity of Amblyomma javanense infestation on Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica Desmarest) from Peninsular Malaysia

Hassan, Marina; Sulaiman, Muhammad Hafiz; Chong, Ju Lian

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.02.001

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In a parasitological survey of 52 Taiwan pangolins (25 males, 27 females), 25% of them were found to be infested with ticks (1). A survey of 16 Malayan pangolins carried by Hassan et al in 2013 showed a rate of 68.8% of the tick infection (18). In this study by Hassan et al, a higher rate of tick was found in male pangolins rather than female pangolins, which might as a result of the difference behavior of male and female pangolin, especially during the spawning season (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Amblyomma Javanense and Detection of Tick-Borne Ehrlichia Spp. In Confiscated Malayan Pangolins

Zhai

Wu²,

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundDue to habitat destruction and illegal hunting and trade, the number of pangolins has been sharply reduced. To prevent their extinction, relevant departments are combined and active action have been taken. A total of 21 confiscated Malayan pangolins were rescued in 2019, but died continuously for unknown reasons. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for the death of these pangolin and rescue them.MethodsRecused Malayan pangolins were checked for clinical symptoms. Ticks on the surface of pangolins were collected and identified using morphological and molecular biological methods. Dead pangolins were autopsied for the gross lesion and tissues were collected for microscopic lesion using HE staining. Viral and protozoa pathogens’ detection were carried on ticks firstly and further confirmed in dead pangolin pathological tissues using PCR.ResultsWhen rescued, pangolins were in bad situation. More than 90% (19/21) of the rescued pangolins had ticks on their body surfaces. A total of 303 ticks were removed and identified as Amblyomma javanense (A. javanense) according to their morphology and the sequences of PCR product of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Autopsy of the dead pangolins showed multiorgan damage, especially congestion and hemorrhage in lung, heart and kidney. Histopathological analysis revealed marked presence of inflammation in tissues. Pathogens’ nucleic acid detection showed ticks were only positive for Ehrlichia spp, with 56.7% positive rate of collected ticks (127/224), which was further confirmed in tissues from dead pangolins. Sick pangolins reduced clinical symptoms after medical treatment of intramuscular injection with doxycycline and kept alive before transfer.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia spp. from A. javanense might be one of the reasons for the confiscated pangolins’ death. More attention should be payed to tick-elimination work and the diagnoses and treatment of tick-borne diseases in the follow-up rescue operation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malayan pangolin mainly distributing in Asia and Africa is one of the eight existing pangolin species (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Amblyomma Javanense and Detection of Tick-Borne Ehrlichia Spp. In Confiscated Malayan Pangolins

Zhai

Wu²,

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Ticks were reported to occur underneath the scales and ventral portions of the body in pangolins (Seniviranta 1965;Sanyal et al 1987;Pillai and George 1997;Parola et al 2003;Anonymous 2010;Hafiz et al 2012). Apart from pangolins Amblyomma javanense ticks had been reported from water monitor lizard, python, skink, hill turtle, bat, wild boar, hyena, bear and sambar deer (Kollars and Sithiprasasna 2000;Hassan 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly Amblyomma compressum recorded Li et al (2010), Kollars and Sithiprasasna (2000) Giant ground pangolin (Manis gigantea) Amblyomma compressum (Macalister 1872) Uilenberg et al (2013) Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) Amblyomma javanense (Supino 1897) Sanyal et al (1987), Nandi (1981), Acharjyo (2013) Aponomma gerviasi (Lucas 1847) Seniviratna (1965), Pillai and George (1997) Rhipicephalus sp. Anonymous (2010) Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) Amblyomma cordiferum (Neumann 1899) Hafiz et al (2012) Amblyomma javanense (Supino 1897) Kollars and Sithiprasasna (2000), Parola et al (2003), Hafiz et al (2012), Hassan et al (2013) Uilenberg et al (2013) Ixodes rasus (Neumann 1899) Uilenberg et al (2013) Ornithodorus moubata (Murray 1877) Jacobsen et al (1991) Rhipicentor longus Klebsiella aerogenes Heath and Vanderlip (1988) Klebsiella pneumoniae Heath and Vanderlip (1988) Proteus vulgaris Heath and Vanderlip (1988) Pseudomonas fluorescens Heath and Vanderlip (1988) Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) Escherichia coli Narayanan et al (1977) Klebsiella aerogenes Narayanan et al (1977) Proteus vulgaris Narayanan et al (1977) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Narayanan et al (1977) Staphylococcus sp. Narayanan et al (1977) Streptococcus faecalis Narayanan et al (1977) Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) Mycoplasma sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Check list of parasites and bacteria recorded from pangolins (Manis sp.)

Mohapatra¹,

Panda²,

Nair³

et al. 2015

J Parasit Dis

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Sound knowledge on parasite fauna of pangolins is crucial for evaluation of their health status. In the present review, a checklist of 34 genera of parasites and bacteria, including 4 genera of protozoan, 13 genera of helminthes, 8 genera of ticks, 2 genera of mites and 7 genera of bacteria reported from pangolins was compiled and their zoonotic potential were discussed. The aim of this checklist is to underline the information gap and to provide a reference list of parasites and bacteria known for pangolins to assist in their further investigation.

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“…Sunda pangolins, Chinese pangolins, and Indian pangolins all suffer from ectoparasites and endoparasites. Amblyomma javanense is an ectoparasite of these three pangolin species (Hassan, Sulaiman, & Lian, ; Sanyal, De, Rao, & Acharjyo, ; Yang, Su, Zhang, Wu, & Ma, ). Chinese pangolins and Indian pangolins can be infected by nematodes and other types of parasites (Heath & Vanderlip, ; Mohapatra & Panda, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping and breeding the rescued Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) in captivity

Zhang

et al. 2017

Zoo Biology

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The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) is a Critically Endangered species. Given that this species lacks effective policies for in situ conservation and prevention of poaching in the wild, ex situ conservation and a captive breeding program are urgently needed to save this species from extinction. However, techniques for the maintenance and captive breeding of pangolins have not been well developed. In June 2010, we established the Pangolin Research Base for Artificial Rescue and Conservation Breeding of South China Normal University (PRB-SCNU). To date, a total of 34 Sunda pangolin cubs have been born at PRB-SCNU, 26 of which were captive bred, indicating great progress in keeping and breeding the Sunda pangolin. The techniques for maintenance-including housing, transitioning to an artificial diet, husbandry, and captive breeding-are described in this paper. The purpose of this manuscript is to share our successful experiences and techniques in the maintenance, management, and captive breeding of Sunda pangolins, and to provide guidance and a reference for the captive care and management of Sunda pangolins and other pangolin species.

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The prevalence and intensity of Amblyomma javanense infestation on Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica Desmarest) from Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Identification of Amblyomma Javanense and Detection of Tick-Borne Ehrlichia Spp. In Confiscated Malayan Pangolins

Identification of Amblyomma Javanense and Detection of Tick-Borne Ehrlichia Spp. In Confiscated Malayan Pangolins

Check list of parasites and bacteria recorded from pangolins (Manis sp.)

Keeping and breeding the rescued Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) in captivity

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