The primary cilium as a gravitational force transducer and a regulator of transcriptional noise

Moorman, Stephen J.; Shorr, Ardon Z.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.21493

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…On the contrary, by removing the gravitational constraints the system can freely access different attractor states, recovering henceforth new configuration states (“phenotypes”). Such model has been experimentally confirmed, showing that several cell components characterized by a nonlinear dynamics when exposed to microgravity may experience bifurcation transitions, leading to the appearance of new self-organized states from an initially homogeneous conformation [27, 28]. It is tempting to speculate that such transitions may arise in the cell when self-organization processes (cytoskeleton components assembly and mitosis) take place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Switch Induced by Simulated Microgravity on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

Masiello

Cucina

Proietti

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Microgravity exerts dramatic effects on cell morphology and functions, by disrupting cytoskeleton and adhesion structures, as well as by interfering with biochemical pathways and gene expression. Impairment of cells behavior has both practical and theoretical significance, given that investigations of mechanisms involved in microgravity-mediated effects may shed light on how biophysical constraints cooperate in shaping complex living systems. By exposing breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells to simulated microgravity (~0.001 g), we observed the emergence of two morphological phenotypes, characterized by distinct membrane fractal values, surface area, and roundness. Moreover, the two phenotypes display different aggregation profiles and adherent behavior on the substrate. These morphological differences are mirrored by the concomitant dramatic functional changes in cell processes (proliferation and apoptosis) and signaling pathways (ERK, AKT, and Survivin). Furthermore, cytoskeleton undergoes a dramatic reorganization, eventually leading to a very different configuration between the two populations. These findings could be considered adaptive and reversible features, given that, by culturing microgravity-exposed cells into a normal gravity field, cells are enabled to recover their original phenotype. Overall these data outline the fundamental role gravity plays in shaping form and function in living systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Switch Induced by Simulated Microgravity on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

Masiello

Cucina

Proietti

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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“…Sensory modalities to which the primary cilium responds include mechanical stimulation (bending of the cilium) and chemosensation (detection of a specific ligand, growth factor, hormone or morphogen). In some specialized cases, primary cilia can also respond to light (Insinna and Besharse, 2008), temperature (Kuhara et al, 2008), osmolality or gravity (Moorman and Schorr, 2008) (note, however, that the 'stereocilia' of hair cells of the ear, which respond to mechanical displacement, are microvilli, not primary cilia). In invertebrates, including C. elegans and Drosophila, primary cilia form the basis of several types of sense organs or sensilla and are effectively dendritic extensions of specific neurons; in vertebrates, the outer segments of photoreceptors are modified primary cilia.…”

Section: Immunofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

The primary cilium at a glance

Satir

Pedersen

Christensen

2010

Journal of Cell Science

461

405

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“…We particularly encourage experimental tests on model organisms (e.g., zebrafish, Danio rerio; honey bees, Apis mellifera; eels, Anguilla spp.) that are sensitive to both magnetic (Kirschvink, 1981;Tesch et al, 1992;Osipova et al, 2016) and gravitational cues (Korall and Martin, 1987;Moorman and Shorr, 2008;Cresci et al, 2017). Integrated analysis of telemetry datasets will further help identify the ways in which geophysical cues are used for navigational purposes.…”

Section: Geophysical Navigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Route Fidelity during Marine Megafauna Migration

Horton

Hauser²,

Zerbini

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The conservation and protection of marine megafauna require robust knowledge of where and when animals are located. Yet, our ability to predict animal distributions in space and time remains limited due to difficulties associated with studying elusive animals with large home ranges. The widespread deployment of satellite telemetry technology creates unprecedented opportunities to remotely monitor animal movements and to analyse the spatial and temporal trajectories of these movements from a variety of geophysical perspectives. Reproducible patterns in movement trajectories can help elucidate the potential mechanisms by which marine megafauna navigate across vast expanses of open-ocean. Here, we present an empirical analysis of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), and northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) satellite telemetry-derived route fidelity movements in magnetic and gravitational coordinates. Our analyses demonstrate that: (1) humpback whales, great white sharks and northern elephant seals are capable of performing route fidelity movements across millions of square kilometers of open ocean with a spatial accuracy of better than 150 km despite temporal separations as long as 7 years between individual movements; (2) route fidelity movements include significant (p < 0.05) periodicities that are comparable in duration to the lunar cycles and semi-cycles; (3) latitude and bedrock-dependent gravitational cues are stronger predictors of route fidelity movements than spherical magnetic coordinate cues when analyzed with respect to the temporally dependent moon illumination cycle. We further show that both route fidelity and non-route fidelity movement trajectories, for all three species, describe overlapping in-phase or antiphase sinusoids when individual movements are normalized to the gravitational acceleration present at migratory departure sites. Although these empirical results provide an inductive basis for the development of testable hypotheses and future research questions, they cannot be taken as evidence for causal relations between marine megafauna movement decisions and geophysical cues. Experiments Horton et al.Marine Megafauna Route Fidelity on model organisms with known sensitivities to gravity and magnetism, complemented by further empirical observation of free-ranging animals, are required to fully explore how animals use discrete, or potentially integrated, geophysical cues for orientation and navigation purposes.

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The primary cilium as a gravitational force transducer and a regulator of transcriptional noise

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Phenotypic Switch Induced by Simulated Microgravity on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

Phenotypic Switch Induced by Simulated Microgravity on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

The primary cilium at a glance

Route Fidelity during Marine Megafauna Migration

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