The process of kinetochore assembly in yeasts

Roy, Babhrubahan; Varshney, Neha; Yadav, Vikas; Sanyal, Kaustuv

doi:10.1111/1574-6968.12019

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(256 reference statements)

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“…Among the three layers of the KT, the components of the inner layer that interact directly with DNA are conserved in organisms with regional centromeres (centromere DNA is >3 kb in length) (5). The centromere-specific histone H3 of the CENP-A/Cse4 family and CENP-C/Mif2 are two such evolutionarily conserved inner KT proteins (6). Several middle KT proteins, such as Mis12/Mtw1 and Nuf2, are present in most eukaryotes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ordered KT assembly is orchestrated with disassembly of the nuclear envelope (NE) in open mitosis, where the middle and outer KT assemble on the constitutive inner KT to allow access of microtubules to the centromere (10–12). Current knowledge about the dynamics of the fungal KT is primarily based on studies involving three model ascomycete species (6), the budding yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . Both budding yeasts undergo closed mitosis, as the NE never breaks down (13, 14) and the KT is fully assembled and attached to microtubules throughout the cell cycle (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ordered Kinetochore Assembly in the Human-Pathogenic Basidiomycetous Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans

Kozubowski

Yadav

Chatterjee

et al. 2013

mBio

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115

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Kinetochores facilitate interaction between chromosomes and the spindle apparatus. The formation of a metazoan trilayered kinetochore is an ordered event in which inner, middle, and outer layers assemble during disassembly of the nuclear envelope during mitosis. The existence of a similar strong correlation between kinetochore assembly and nuclear envelope breakdown in unicellular eukaryotes is unclear. Studies in the hemiascomycetous budding yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans suggest that an ordered kinetochore assembly may not be evolutionarily conserved. Here, we utilized high-resolution time-lapse microscopy to analyze the localization patterns of a series of putative kinetochore proteins in the basidiomycetous budding yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, a human pathogen. Strikingly, similar to most metazoa but atypical of yeasts, the centromeres are not clustered but positioned adjacent to the nuclear envelope in premitotic C. neoformans cells. The centromeres gradually coalesce to a single cluster as cells progress toward mitosis. The mitotic clustering of centromeres seems to be dependent on the integrity of the mitotic spindle. To study the dynamics of the nuclear envelope, we followed the localization of two marker proteins, Ndc1 and Nup107. Fluorescence microscopy of the nuclear envelope and components of the kinetochore, along with ultrastructure analysis by transmission electron microscopy, reveal that in C. neoformans, the kinetochore assembles in an ordered manner prior to mitosis in concert with a partial opening of the nuclear envelope. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that kinetochore dynamics in C. neoformans is reminiscent of that of metazoans and shed new light on the evolution of mitosis in eukaryotes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ordered Kinetochore Assembly in the Human-Pathogenic Basidiomycetous Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans

Kozubowski

Yadav

Chatterjee

et al. 2013

mBio

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115

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“…2, we briefly summarize the known functions of several important kinetochore proteins. More details concerning the composition of kinetochore factors and their conservation can be found by referring to the following excellent reviews (Ogiyama & Ishii, 2012;Funabiki & Wynne, 2013;Roy et al, 2013;.…”

Section: Kinetochore Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetochore composition and its function: lessons from yeasts

et al. 2014

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Proper chromosome segregation during cell division is essential for proliferation, and this is facilitated by kinetochores, large protein complexes assembled on the centromeric region of the chromosomes. Although the sequences of centromeric DNA differ totally among organisms, many components of the kinetochores assembled on centromeres are very well conserved among eukaryotes. To define the identity of centromeres, centromere protein A (CENP-A), which is homologous to canonical histone H3, acts as a landmark for kinetochore assembly. Kinetochores mediate spindle–microtubule attachment and control the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. To conduct faithful chromosome segregation, kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment are elaborately regulated. Here we review the current understanding of the composition, assembly, functions and regulation of kinetochores revealed mainly through studies on fission and budding yeasts. Moreover, because recent cumulative evidence suggests the importance of the regulation of the orientation of kinetochore–microtubule attachment, which differs distinctly between mitosis and meiosis, we focus especially on the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation.

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“…This contact is mediated by the kinetochore, a dynamic protein complex that is assembled at epigenetically marked regions of the chromosome known as centromeres (Allshire & Karpen, 2008). Scores of proteins have been identified as present in and important for kinetochore function (Gascoigne & Cheeseman, 2011;Roy, Varshney, Yadav, & Sanyal, 2013). An emerging portrait of the structure of the kinetochore includes an increasingly detailed understanding of the biochemical properties of several multi-protein complexes, including those that contact the DNA directly, and those that appear to solely function in binding to microtubules (Alushin & Nogales, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divalent Cations Affect the Stability and Structure of Dad2p, a Subunit of the Candida Albicans Kinetochore Dam1 Complex

Waldo¹,

Dolma²,

Rouse³

2016

JMBR

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The heterodecameric Dam1 complex is involved in establishing and maintaining the connection between the kinetochore and the mitotic spindle during mitosis. Biochemical studies of the reconstituted complex have shed light upon how it interacts with microtubules. However, little information about the biochemical properties of the isolated subunits has been available. This report examines the stability and structure of Dad2p, one of the Dam1 complex subunits isolated from Candida albicans. By employing differential scanning fluorimetry, protease protection and hydrodynamic analyses, we show that Dad2p is specifically responsive to the presence of divalent cations. This observation may be important for understanding the dynamic structure and regulation of the Dam1 complex in fungal cells.

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The process of kinetochore assembly in yeasts

Cited by 13 publications

References 112 publications

Ordered Kinetochore Assembly in the Human-Pathogenic Basidiomycetous Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans

Ordered Kinetochore Assembly in the Human-Pathogenic Basidiomycetous Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans

Kinetochore composition and its function: lessons from yeasts

Divalent Cations Affect the Stability and Structure of Dad2p, a Subunit of the Candida Albicans Kinetochore Dam1 Complex

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