The progress and evolution of women’s participation in production and business activities in South America

Abstract

In 1994, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean approved the Regional Programme of Action for Women, whose guidelines remain in force thanks to a decision approved at the ninth Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean (Mexico City, 2004), thereby reaffirming their commitment to the goals prescribed for equitable participation by women in economic activities. The present article sets out to analyse the progress and evolution of women's participation in production and business activities in South America, considering the situation of female employment, its evolution over the past decade and its differences from male employment. The article also analyses men's and women's time use, women's share of employment in jobs with higher average earnings (executive positions) and women's empowerment and economic autonomy (female entrepreneurs).

Women Participation in Tourism Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Minjingu Village, Manyara Region

“…Tourism industry provides equal entrepreneurial opportunities to all people to participate directly or indirectly in tourism business regardless of their gender differences (Meunier et al, 2017). The issue of gender inequality in tourism entrepreneurial activity has been the main research debate and policy concern on business enterprise ownership among women (Avolio, 2018). Tourism entrepreneurship in many areas has been men dominated phenomenon as women generally hold positions that do not allow them to participate in decision making (Maliva, 2016).…”

Effects of Work-Family Conflict on Working Women

“…Historically, only a few women started their businesses or even participated in the public world. However, there has been a massive change in recent decades in women's participation in businesses globally (Avolio & Laura, 2017). According to The International Labour Organization, the estimated female labour force is 1.3 billion, about 40% of the total labour force of 3.3 billion (ILO, 2012).…”