In a previous paper of ours (i) selection of new attenuated variants of type 3 poliovirus was described and their basic characteristics were compared with the respective properties of Loon 12alb (Sabin) and VV~I-3 (Koprowski) viruses. The results obtained indicated that one of the newly developed attenuated viruses, denoted as USOL-D bac virus, possessed a lower degree of residual neurotropism after intraspinal inoculation than the type 3 viruses of Dr. Sabin and Dr. Koprowski. Intraspinal administration of 10 s'~ TCDs0 of the virus (1) or even ten times higher doses (2) elicited no clinical disease and only minimal lesions in the lumbar cord without detectable spread to the other parts of CNS. On the basis of these results the USOL-D bae virus was chosen for preparing a vaccine for tests in human beings.With the experimental batch of vaccine, which was kindly prepared by Prof. M. P. Chumakov (Moscow) a series of studies were started designed particularly to investigate the genetic stability of the virus during passage in human beings, and its immunogenic activity in nonimmune children as well as in those which had been previously immunized with Sabin's vaccine. The present paper reports the results of the first smalLscate trial carried out with the USOL-D bae virus in a closed community of eMIdren fed in the past ~dth Sabin's tsq)e 3 virus.
Materials and MethodsViruses. The viruses were the same as used in earlier experiments (1).Vaccine. The vaccine used in the present study was prepared from the USOL-D bac virus developed in this laboratory. The virus was submitted toProf. M. P. Chumakov (Institute of Poliomyelitis and Tick-Born Encephalitis