The protective effects of vitamins A, C, and E on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)-induced liver oxidative stress in male Wistar rats

Vitamin Supplementation Protects against Nanomaterial-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Damages: A Meta-Analysis of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

“…The full-texts of the remaining 49 studies were downloaded and read, after which 29 studies were eliminated for the following reasons: data were unavailable ( n = 4); outcome indicators could not be combined with other studies ( n = 6); the effects of some vitamin subtypes were reported only in one study (vitamin D [ 23 ] and vitamin K [ 24 ]); studies did not use mice or rats as animal models ( n = 14); vitamins were mixed with other nutrients ( n = 4). Finally, 19 studies were included in this meta-analysis ( Figure 1 ) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

“…The basic characteristics of included articles are summarized in Table 1 . Among 19 studies, seven performed in vitro experiments [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], 11 performed in vivo experiments [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 ] and one conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments [ 27 ]. The in vitro studies were published between 2007 and 2019; four studies were conducted in China and the remaining four studies were, respectively, conducted in Iran, Japan, Saudi Arabia and the USA; there were four studies to, respectively, investigate the protective roles of vitamin E and vitamin C against the toxicities of various nanomaterials (including TiO 2 NPs; CoNPs, cobalt nanoparticles; AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; ZnONPs; NiONPs, nickel oxide nanoparticles; SWCNTs, single walled carbon nanotubes); the exposed cells included liver cells (human HepG2, mice liver primary cells), lung cells (human A549, rat lung epithelial cells), mouse fibroblast cells (Balb/3T3), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat neuronal cells (PC12).…”

“…The in vitro studies were published between 2007 and 2019; four studies were conducted in China and the remaining four studies were, respectively, conducted in Iran, Japan, Saudi Arabia and the USA; there were four studies to, respectively, investigate the protective roles of vitamin E and vitamin C against the toxicities of various nanomaterials (including TiO 2 NPs; CoNPs, cobalt nanoparticles; AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; ZnONPs; NiONPs, nickel oxide nanoparticles; SWCNTs, single walled carbon nanotubes); the exposed cells included liver cells (human HepG2, mice liver primary cells), lung cells (human A549, rat lung epithelial cells), mouse fibroblast cells (Balb/3T3), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat neuronal cells (PC12). The in vivo studies were published between 2013 and 2021; four studies were conducted in China, three in Iran, three in Egypt, and two in Saudi Arabia; Bayat et al explored the protective roles of vitamin A, C and E for ZnONP-induced injuries [ 10 ]; Afshari-Kaveh et al [ 18 ] and Moradi et al [ 8 ] evaluated the protective roles of vitamin A, E and A + E for TiO 2 NP-induced injuries; the other eight studies only assessed the antagonized effects of vitamin E treatment for GNP-, TiO 2 NP-, ZnONP-, GO (graphene oxide)-, AgNP-induced toxicities [ 8 , 9 , 11 , 17 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 ] and one examined the effects of vitamin C for NiNP-induced toxicities [ 19 ].…”

“…Several studies have reported that vitamin intake can reduce oxidative stress and inhibit pro-inflammatory responses [ 15 , 16 ], indicating that there are potential protective effects of vitamin supplementation against tissue injuries induced by nanomaterials. This hypothesis had been confirmed by some authors: Bayat et al detected that relative to the ZnONP-exposed group, administration with vitamin A, C, and E significantly reduced the total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and increased the total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT [ 10 ], which was accompanied by decreased liver damages pathologically [ 10 ] and DNA damages [ 17 ]. Moradi et al reported that treatment with vitamin A and E caused significant reductions in MDA, TNF-α, and NF-κB, as well as liver function index (aspartate aminotransferase, AST) [ 8 ].…”

“…In addition, to cause redox perturbation, Moradi et al found that TiO 2 NP gavage promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) in the liver tissues of rats in comparison to a control group [ 8 ]. Elevated levels of MDA, TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and decreased levels of GSH were also revealed in the rats that received zinc oxide (ZnO) [ 9 , 10 ] or gold NPs [ 11 ] compared to the controls. In vitro studies showed that carbon nanotube or NP treatment inhibited the viability and induced apoptotic cell death by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”