“…Data driven is an another way to enable rapid simulations, where an emulator of the system is constructed upon the HFM solutions of selected collocation points in parameter space without the need to modify the codes. Specifically, some regression techniques, for example, radial basis functions (Piret et al., 2019), Gaussian process regression (GPR) (Yang et al., 2018), and stochastic polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) (Hu et al., 2019), are employed to learn a deterministic or probabilistic input‐output mapping. Because of the nonintrusive feature and ease of implementation, many different data‐driven surrogates have been developed for inversion problems of the hydrological system (Dai et al., 2016; Li & Zhang, 2007; Saad & Ghanem, 2009; Zeng & Zhang, 2010).…”