The RDF/SRF torrefaction: An effect of temperature on characterization of the product – Carbonized Refuse Derived Fuel

Białowiec, Andrzej; Pulka, Jakub; Stępień, Paweł; Manczarski, Piotr; Gołaszewski, Janusz

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.020

Cited by 74 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, torrefaction of low lignocellulosic content feedstock is less known [7,25,26]. Sewage sludge [7,25,26], digestate from biogas plants [27], agricultural animal waste [6], municipal solid waste [28] and food waste [29] contain fats, proteins and other organic matter with very low lignocellulose content.…”

Section: Sewage Sludge Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples were first dried at 105 • C. Approximately 2.25 g of dried SS samples were placed in the reactor and heated at different constant temperatures of 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, and 300 • C for up to 1 h. Temperature range and intervals were typical for torrefaction temperatures [10] and based on the methodology described by Bialowiec et al [28].…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where: M 0 s = initial SS mass, g, M s = unit mass, g, k = torrefaction rate constant, s −1 , t = time, s. The Arrhenius equation [28] describes the dependence of torrefaction rate constant (k) and temperature (T):…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation energy can be calculated using the torrefaction rate constant using and the Arrhenius equation. Ln (k) is a linear function of 1/T [28]:…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

et al. 2019

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We propose a 'Waste to Carbon' thermal transformation of sewage sludge (SS) via torrefaction to a valuable product (fuel) with a high content of carbon. One important, technological aspect to develop this concept is the determination of activation energy needed for torrefaction. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the kinetics of SS torrefaction and determine the effects of process temperature on fuel properties of torrefied products (biochars). Torrefaction was performed using high ash content SS at six (200~300 • C) temperatures and 60 min residence (process) time. Mass loss during torrefaction ranged from 10~20%. The resulting activation energy for SS torrefaction was 12.007 kJ·mol −1 . Initial (unprocessed) SS higher heating value (HHV) was 13.5 MJ·kg −1 . However, the increase of torrefaction temperature decreased HHV from 13.4 to 3.8 MJ·kg −1 . Elemental analysis showed a significant decrease of the H/C ratio that occurred during torrefaction, while the O/C ratio fluctuated with much smaller differences. Although the activation energy was significantly lower compared with lignocellulosic materials, low-temperature SS torrefaction technology could be explored for further SS stabilization and utilization (e.g., dewatering and hygienization). Energies 2019, 12, 565 2 of 10 J.A.K.; validation, J.P., A.B., J.A.K.; investigation, J.P.; resources, J.P., A.B., P.M.; data curation, A.B., J.A.K.; writing-original draft preparation, J.P., A.B.; writing-review and editing, A.B., P.M., J.A.K.; visualization, J.P., A.B., J.A.K.; supervision, A.B., P.M., J.A.K.

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Section: Sewage Sludge Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation energy can be calculated using the torrefaction rate constant using and the Arrhenius equation. Ln (k) is a linear function of 1/T [28]:…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

et al. 2019

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“…Torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis,~200 to 300 • C) has shown to produce fuel quality biochars from a flammable fraction of municipal solid waste [29][30][31] or sewage sludge [32,33]. Torrefaction requires significantly less energy to produce biochar than pyrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Biochar Addition on the Biogas Production Kinetics from the Anaerobic Digestion of Brewers’ Spent Grain

et al. 2019

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Biochar (BC) addition is a novel and promising method for biogas yield increase. Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is an abundant organic waste with a large potential for biogas production. In this research, for the first time, we test the feasibility of increasing biogas yield and rate from BSG digestion by adding BC, which was produced from BSG via torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis). Furthermore, we explore the digestion of BSG with the presence BCs produced from BSG via torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis). The proposed approach creates two alternative waste-to-energy and waste-to-carbon type utilization pathways for BSG: (1) digestion of BSG waste to produce biogas and (2) torrefaction of BSG to produce BC used for digestion. Torrefaction extended the short utility lifetime of BSG waste turned into BC. BSG was digested in the presence of BC with BC to BSG + BC weight ratio from 0 to 50%. The study was conducted during 21 days under mesophilic conditions in n = 3 trials. The content of dry mass 17.6% in all variants was constant. The kinetics results for pure BSG (0% BC) were: reaction rate constant (k) 1.535 d−1, maximum production of biogas (B0) 92.3 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m. (d.o.m. = dry organic matter), and biogas production rate (r), 103.1 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m.∙d−1. his preliminary research showed that the highest (p < 0.05) r, 227 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m.∙d−1 was due to the 5% BC addition. This production rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared with all other treatments (0, 1, 3, 8, 10, 20, 30, and 50% BC dose). Due to the high variability observed between replicates, no significant differences could be detected between all the assays amended with BC and the variant 0% BC. However, a significant decrease of B0 from 85.1 to 61.0 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m. in variants with the high biochar addition (20–50% BC) was observed in relation to 5% BC (122 dm3∙kg−1d.o.m.), suggesting that BC overdose inhibits biogas production from the BSG + BC mixture. The reaction rate constant (k) was not improved by BC, and the addition of 10% and 20% BC even decreased k relatively to the 0% variant. A significant decrease of k was also observed for the doses of 10%, 20%, and 30% when compared with the 5% BC (1.89 d−1) assays.

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Evolution of pyrolysis and gasification as waste to energy tools for low carbon economy

Porshnov

2021

WIREs Energy & Environment

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The paper aims to review the state of the art in the field of pyrolysis and gasification of waste and to identify approaches that can be prospective considering the upcoming transformation of society. The results show that the transition to a circular, low carbon economy will significantly change the composition of municipal wastes, making thermochemical approaches more and more competitive. However, it does not mean that pyrolysis and gasification will outperform incineration in the field of traditional waste to energy. Novel thermochemical waste management approaches must not be viewed as competitors, but rather as the successors of the traditional mass‐burn incineration. The transition to a circular, low carbon economy will result in an emergence of new needs, new products and thus in possibilities of new pyrolysis and gasification‐based business models different from the waste to energy concept. Negative emissions, energy storage, stabilization of renewable grids as well as renewable fuels must be mentioned as examples of such new products. Thus, thermochemical processing technologies should be embedded into the wider concept of circular, low carbon economy as the source of energy for recycling, a technology of tertiary recycling of synthetic polymers and as a way to transform nonrecyclable rejects into fuels, negative emissions, and other marketable products. This article is categorized under: Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure

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The RDF/SRF torrefaction: An effect of temperature on characterization of the product – Carbonized Refuse Derived Fuel

Cited by 74 publications

References 35 publications

Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

The Effect of Biochar Addition on the Biogas Production Kinetics from the Anaerobic Digestion of Brewers’ Spent Grain

Evolution of pyrolysis and gasification as waste to energy tools for low carbon economy

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