Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

Pulka, Jakub; Manczarski, Piotr; Kozieł, Jacek A.; Białowiec, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/en12030565

Cited by 54 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Pulka et al [19] torrefied sewage sludge for 60 min at different temperatures ranging from 200 to 300 • C and obtained BC that was characterized by C, H, N, O contents ranging from 28.4% to 12.7%, 2.43% to 0.71%, 4.03% to 2.68%, and 21.31% to 9.02%, respectively, for temperatures from 200 to 300 • C. Ash content increased with temperature from 43.6% to 73.4%. Moisture content was not affected by temperature, but it was reduced when compared to the raw feedstock material.…”

Section: Biochar Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Biochar Properties and Their Utilization in Crop Agriculture and Livestock Production

2019

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When it comes to the use of biochar in agriculture, the majority of research conducted in the last decade has focused on its application as a soil amendment and for soil remediation. This treatment improves soil quality, increases crops yields, and sequestrates atmospheric carbon to the soil. Another widely studied aspect connecting biochar with agriculture is the composting processes of various agricultural waste with the addition of biochar. Obtaining the material via the pyrolysis of agricultural waste, including animal manure, has also been investigated. However, given the remarkable properties of biochar, its application potential could be utilized in other areas not yet thoroughly investigated. This review paper summarizes the last decade of research on biochar and its use in crop agriculture and livestock production. Knowledge gaps are highlighted, such as using biochar for the mitigation of odorous emissions from animal manure and by feeding the biochar to animals.

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Section: Biochar Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Biochar Properties and Their Utilization in Crop Agriculture and Livestock Production

2019

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“…Torrefaction of waste is a growing research area. Examples include fractions of industrial and municipal wastes [27,37], sewage sludge [38], brewers' spent grain [39], Oxytree biomass [40] prunings, woodchips, olives waste, and Virginia mallow (considered as a potential energy crop) [22]. High-quality fuels can be obtained due to the torrefaction process.…”

Section: Parameter Unit Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof-of-Concept of Spent Mushrooms Compost Torrefaction—Studying the Process Kinetics and the Influence of Temperature and Duration on the Calorific Value of the Produced Biocoal

2019

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Poland, being the 3rd largest and growing producer of mushrooms in the world, generates almost 25% of the total European production. The generation rate of waste mushroom spent compost (MSC) amounts to 5 kg per 1 kg of mushrooms produced. We proposed the MSC treatment via torrefaction for the production of solid fuel—biocoal. In this research, we examined the MSC torrefaction kinetics using thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and we tested the influence of torrefaction temperature within the range from 200 to 300 °C and treatment time lasting from 20 to 60 min on the resulting biocoal’s (fuel) properties. The estimated value of the torrefaction activation energy of MSC was 22.3 kJ mol−1. The highest calorific value = 17.9 MJ kg−1 d.m. was found for 280 °C (60 min torrefaction time). A significant (p < 0.05) influence of torrefaction temperature on HHV increase within the same group of torrefaction duration, i.e., 20, 40, or 60 min, was observed. The torrefaction duration significantly (p < 0.05) increased the HHV for 220 °C and decreased HHV for 300 °C. The highest mass yield (98.5%) was found for 220 °C (60 min), while the highest energy yield was found for 280 °C (60 min). In addition, estimations of the biocoal recirculation rate to maintain the heat self-sufficiency of MSC torrefaction were made. The net quantity of biocoal (torrefied MSC; 65.3% moisture content) and the 280 °C (60 min) torrefaction variant was used. The initial mass and energy balance showed that MSC torrefaction might be feasible and self-sufficient for heat when ~43.6% of produced biocoal is recirculated to supply the heat for torrefaction. Thus, we have shown a concept for an alternative utilization of abundant biowaste (MSC). This research provides a basis for alternative use of an abundant biowaste and can help charting improved, sustainable mushroom production.

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“…The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the torrefaction process was conducted with each kind of Oxytree biomass according to the protocol described elsewhere [27]. In brief, torrefied Oxytree biomass (biochar) was produced from each Oxytree biomass cultivation variant.…”

Section: Properties Of Raw and Torrefied Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Pruning of Oxytree

Świechowski

Liszewski²,

Bąbelewski³

et al. 2019

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The very fast growing Oxytree (Paulownia Clon in Vitro 112) is marketed as a promising new energy crop. The tree has characteristically large leaves, thrives in warmer climates, and requires initial pruning for enhanced biomass production in later years. We explored valorizing the waste biomass of initial (first year) pruning via thermal treatment. Specifically, we used torrefaction (‘roasting’) to produce biochar with improved fuel properties. Here for the first time, we examined and summarized the fuel properties data of raw biomass of Oxytree pruning and biochars generated via torrefaction. The effects of torrefaction temperature (200~300 °C), process time (20~60 min), soil type, and agro-technical cultivation practices (geotextile and drip irrigation) on fuel properties of the resulting biochars were summarized. The dataset contains results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as proximate and ultimate analyses of Oxytree biomass and generated biochars. The presented data are useful in determining Oxytree torrefaction reaction kinetics and further techno-economical modeling of the feasibility of Oxytree valorization via torrefaction. Oxytree torrefaction could be exploited as part of valorization resulting from a synergy between a high yield crop with the efficient production of high-quality renewable fuel.

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Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars

Cited by 54 publications

References 40 publications

A Review of Biochar Properties and Their Utilization in Crop Agriculture and Livestock Production

A Review of Biochar Properties and Their Utilization in Crop Agriculture and Livestock Production

Proof-of-Concept of Spent Mushrooms Compost Torrefaction—Studying the Process Kinetics and the Influence of Temperature and Duration on the Calorific Value of the Produced Biocoal

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Pruning of Oxytree

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