The Regulation of Somatic Embryo Development in Plant Cell Cultures: Suspension Culture Techniques and Hormone Requirements

Polypeptides synthesized in dissected embryos of Zea mays at different stages of embryogenesis and early germination have been characterized by their migration in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. This analysis has been carried out with in vivo labeled polypeptides from excised embryos and with proteins synthesized in vitro in the rabbit reticulocyte system directed by poly(A+) RNA isolated from the different developmental stages. We have identified three main sets of expressed polypeptides: (a) embryonic set: this group of polypeptides is synthesized in young and mature embryos but not in early germination; (b) maturation set: this group of polypeptides is not present in young embryos and appears during the maturation period. Some of these polypeptides are still present in early germination while others disappear from stored mRNAs in dry embryos. One particular group from this set can be induced prematurely in young embryos by incubation with abscisic acid; and (c) germination set: this group of polypeptides is not expressed in the maturation period and appears after brief imbibition of the dry embryos.Little information is available on the molecular events that underlie plant development. The lack of sufficient genetic information, the long life periods of the individuals, and the large size of the genome present in general in higher plants are, among other factors, the reasons that have made these developmental studies more difficult than those carried out on some animal species where embryogenesis has been studied at the molecular level. One important step in the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in plant development is the characterization of the proteins synthesized at the different stages of seed maturation and plant germination and the corresponding expression of their mRNA.A thorough characterization of mRNA populations expressed during embryogenesis and germination has been reported for cotton seeds (11,12), wheat (26) and radish embryos (2, 14), and one early expressed gene from dry wheat embryos has been cloned (7,28). In this respect, research in maize seeds has been focused on the period of rehydration of quiescent embryos in an attempt to clarify the role of stored mRNA in the seed embryos (10, 24). However, no comparable data are available for maize embryogenesis and early germination.Organogenesis in the maize embryo includes the formation of three lobes (posterior, distal, and stem, coleoptile, and scutellum) are already defined: young embryo (10-20 DAP'), embryo in late embryogenesis (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40), and mature embryo (45-50 DAP), as well as dry and germinating embryo. To study the mechanisms of regulation of differentially expressed genes during the embryogenesis of Zea mays, we have analyzed the polypeptides synthesized in dissected dry embryos after 2 h imbibition and these polypeptides have been compared

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“…7). Presumably, the mRNAs for 3 (spots 1 Fig. 2A G2, 6 polypeptides (unnumbered black arrows in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Gene Expression in Developing Zea mays Embryos

Sánchez-Martínez

Puigdomènech²,

Pagès³

1986

Plant Physiol.

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“…Somatic embryogenesis was reported for a number of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous angiosperms but fewer woody species [2][3][4]. Woody species were recalcitrant to in vitro culture and regeneration and most of those reports focused on propagation or multiplication through organogenesis using various explants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis in Some Oil Yielding Tropical Tree Species

Das¹

2011

AJPS

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“…Dans la pratique, cette technique est largement exploitée pour l'obtention d'hybrides interspécifiques dont la viabilité est souvent compromise à cause de leur incompatibilité avec les tissus maternels (Bhojwani et Razdan, 1983 mais aussi pour aborder les aspects nutritionnels et comportementaux dont la connaissance est nécessaire avant toute introduction des embryons somatiques dans les programmes de multiplication des végétaux (Ammirato, 1983 (Monnier, 1988 (Fig. 3) (Bhojwani et Razdan, 1983), les embryons présentent une évo-lution normale.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Comportement in vitro d'embryons zygotiques de chêne liège (Quercus suber L.) excisés à divers stades de leur développement

Maâtaoui¹,

Espagnac²

1989

Ann. For. Sci.

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The Regulation of Somatic Embryo Development in Plant Cell Cultures: Suspension Culture Techniques and Hormone Requirements

Cited by 92 publications

References 31 publications

Regulation of Gene Expression in Developing Zea mays Embryos

Regulation of Gene Expression in Developing Zea mays Embryos

In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis in Some Oil Yielding Tropical Tree Species

Comportement in vitro d'embryons zygotiques de chêne liège (Quercus suber L.) excisés à divers stades de leur développement

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