The relationship between structural properties and activation of RAW264.7 and natural killer (NK) cells by sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Astragalus membranaceus roots

Li, Changsheng; Talapphet, Natchanok; Palanisamy, Subramanian; Ma, Nan; Cho, Myoung Lae; You, SangGuan

doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.021

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…ab65475; Abcam), respectively, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The optical density was measured using a microplate reader (EL-800; BioTek Instruments, Inc.) ( 16 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunostimulatory activity of soybean hull polysaccharide on macrophages

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Exp Ther Med

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Water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from soybean hull and fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography were investigated to determine their molecular characteristics and immunostimulating activity. In the present study, soybean hull polysaccharide (SHP) was separated and purified to obtain three main fractions (F1, F2 and F3), and their chemical and monosaccharide compositions were analyzed. SHP was mainly composed of carbohydrates (64.3%), proteins (16.2%) and sulfates (12.5%), with minor levels of uronic acid (3.2%), and predominantly contained glucose and mannose as monosaccharides. Moreover, when compared with cells treated with RPMI medium, SHP was revealed to promote the proliferation and pinocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, and to enhance the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Furthermore, flow cytometry demonstrated that CD11b and CD40 were involved in the immune regulation of RAW264.7 cells by SHP. Moreover, western blotting and other experiments revealed that SHP, a type of pathogen-associated molecular pattern, was specifically recognized by the Toll-like receptor 2, which, in turn, upregulated the expression levels of proteins downstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB pathways. Notably, the immune activity of the F2 fraction was markedly higher than that of the crude polysaccharides. In summary, the purified F2 fraction of SHP may be an effective nutritional supplement for human disorders associated with low immunity.

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“…ab65475; Abcam), respectively, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The optical density was measured using a microplate reader (EL-800; BioTek Instruments, Inc.) ( 16 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunostimulatory activity of soybean hull polysaccharide on macrophages

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Exp Ther Med

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“…[ 88 ]. Experiments in vitro have demonstrated that the water-soluble polysaccharide AMP and its derivatives can use pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines by NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways to stimulate the NK cells [ 89 ]. The intranasal treatment of APS increased the number of CD11c + DCs in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN), which further activated NK cells and T cells.…”

Section: Regulation Effect Of Aps On Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergist for antitumor therapy: Astragalus polysaccharides acting on immune microenvironment

Xu,

Cheng,

Wei

et al. 2023

Discov Onc

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Various new treatments are emerging constantly in anti-tumor therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, the efficacy is still not satisfactory. Astragalus polysaccharide is an important bioactive component derived from the dry root of Radix astragali. Studies found that astragalus polysaccharides have gained great significance in increasing the sensitivity of anti-tumor treatment, reducing the side effects of anti-tumor treatment, reversing the drug resistance of anti-tumor drugs, etc. In this review, we focused on the role of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment. We reviewed the immunomodulatory effect of astragalus polysaccharides on macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. We found that astragalus polysaccharides can promote the activities of macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes and induce the expression of a variety of cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, we summarized the clinical applications of astragalus polysaccharides in patients with digestive tract tumors. We summarized the effective mechanism of astragalus polysaccharides on digestive tract tumors, including apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition, immunoactivity regulation, enhancement of the anticancer effect and chemosensitivity. Therefore, in view of the multiple functions of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical efficacy, the combination of astragalus polysaccharides with antitumor therapy such as immunotherapy may provide new sparks to the bottleneck of current treatment methods.

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“…[ 174,175 ] Moreover, it has been demonstrated that removal of sulfate groups on naturally sulfated polysaccharides leads to a markedly reduced immunomodulatory activity. [ 176–178 ] However, immunological processes are highly complex, and as evident in literature, sulfated polysaccharides may play a dual role, bringing about either immunoactivating or immunosuppressing effects ( Figure ). [ 179 ] A summary of key studies regarding the immunomodulatory roles of ESPs, concerning both immunoactivative and immunosuppressive effects is provided in Table 3 .…”

Section: Biological Properties and Biomedical Applications Of Espsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered Sulfated Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications

Arlov

Rütsche

Korayem

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Sulfated polysaccharides are ubiquitous in living systems and have central roles in biological functions such as organism development, cell proliferation and differentiation, cellular communication, tissue homeostasis, and host defense. Engineered sulfated polysaccharides (ESPs) are structural derivatives not found in nature but generated through chemical and enzymatic modification of natural polysaccharides, as well as chemically synthesized oligo‐ and polysaccharides. ESPs exhibit novel and augmented biological properties compared with their unmodified counterparts, mainly through facilitating interactions with other macromolecules. These interactions are closely linked to their sulfation patterns and backbone structures, providing a means to fine‐tune biological properties and characterize structural–functional relationships by employing well‐characterized polysaccharides and strategies for regioselective modification. The following review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and characterization of ESPs and of their biological properties. Through the pioneering research presented here, key emerging application areas for ESPs, which can lead to novel breakthroughs in biomedical research and clinical treatments, are highlighted.

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The relationship between structural properties and activation of RAW264.7 and natural killer (NK) cells by sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Astragalus membranaceus roots

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

Immunostimulatory activity of soybean hull polysaccharide on macrophages

Immunostimulatory activity of soybean hull polysaccharide on macrophages

Synergist for antitumor therapy: Astragalus polysaccharides acting on immune microenvironment

Engineered Sulfated Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications

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