The relationship between temperature and duration of egg development in some epiphytic cladocera and copepoda from the River Thames, reading, with a discussion of temperature functions

Abstract

Data on the duration of egg development at 5, 10, 15 and 20°C are given for eight cladoceran and one cyclopoid copepod species found associated with the Yellow Water Lily (Nuphar lutea) in the River Thames. A decrease in temperature caused a marked increase in the time taken to complete development for all nine species. The data are compared with published data and a number of conclusions drawn. In general, cladoceran eggs tend to take longer to complete development than copepod eggs, and within the Cladocera the eggs of epiphytic species tend to take longer to develop than those of planktonic species, and the eggs of large species longer than the eggs of small species.The relationship of development time to temperature was examined, and the linear reciprocal relationship, Krogh's curve and the vant' Hoff-Arrhenius function were found to be inadequate. Statistical analysis of the data required a logarithmic transformation, and this gave a significantly curvilinear relationship for all nine species. A quadratic of the form: logD = log a + b log T + c(logT) gave the best fit for eight of the species, but this could be reduced to log D = log a +c (logT) with only a slight decrease in the predictive value of the model. A comparison of regression lines showed that the data for each species could only be described properly by individual regression lines for each species: common slope or common intercept lines, or a single line were not valid. A survey of the literature suggests that the analyses in many previous investigations are statistically inadequate. A critical discussion of temperature functions is given.

Effects of constant and stepwise changes in temperature on the species abundance dynamics of four cladocera species

“…0, 6.6, 8.4) and on all versions of food (algae Chlamydomonas reinhardi, detritus and filtered pond water containing only microorganisms < 30 µm). This is consistent to other studies that found similar egg development times of C. sphaericus (Bottrell, 1974;Meyers, 1984). The universal presence of this species is also provided by its population ability to grow at a faster rate than the other species when fed on an algal culture and on filtered pond water, suggesting that in addition to using algal mats as a substratum on which to live (Fryer, 1968;Havens, 1991), it is also able to feed on bacteria and tiny detritus particles (< 30 µm) (Fryer, 1968).…”

Effect of temperature in the laboratory studies on growth, egg development and first parturition of five species of Cladocera.

“…The effect of temperature on the egg development time of various cladocerans in the laboratory has been reported by many authors (HALL, 1964;BOTTRELL, 1975;KERFOOT, 1975;KWIK and CARTER, 19/5;MUNRO and WHITE, 1975;ALLAN, 1977;VIIVERBERG, 1980). However, there are very few studies on Moina micrura and Bosmina f atalis.…”

“…To relate the duration of egg development and age at first parturition to temperature, the following regression equation of BoTTRELL (1975) was used,…”

Study of the embryogenesis of Dunhevedia crassa King, 1853 (Cladocera: Chydoridae) and a comparison of embryonic instar durations in different cladocerans

“…An approximate sequence of embryonic stages was superficially described only for a single chydorid species, Leydigia acanthocercoides (Leydig, 1860) (Murugan and Job, 1982) and for the closest relative of (Kotov, 1996) Bottrell (1975aBottrell ( , 1975b, Melão (1997Melão ( , 1999 and their own observations. From our data, we can say that the general patterns of the sequence of events in chydorid embryogenesis is similar to that in other anomopods, such as the daphniids Daphnia magna (Obreshkove and Frazer, 1940), D. hyalina and D. galeata (Kotov and Boikova, 2001), and Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Shuba and De Costa, 1972).…”