In its broadest meaning, medical tourism refers to "travel across international borders to receive some form of medical treatment. " 1 Medical tourism emerged in the 1990s when people in developed countries were challenged with high costs and slow service in medical care. As a consequence, people started to look for medical treatment in other countries. 2 Globalization, including cheap and widely available air travel, and easy, cross-border marketing by medical providers accelerated the growth of medical tourism. 3 The terms "medical tourism" and "health tourism" are used interchangeably. 4 "Health tourism" is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the use of services that improve physical or psychological health with the help of mineral water springs, climatic conditions, or medical intervention in an area outside one's place of residence for more than 24 hours and less than one year. 5 Medical tourism is combined with thermal tourism, elderly tourism, and disabled tourism as a part of health tourism. 6 The current review addresses the different aspects of medical tourism in general, describes the development of medical tourism in Turkey, and describes experiences with medical tourism in the Bone Marrow Transplantation Center (BMTC) in Erciyes University, Kayseri. General Considerations on Medical Tourism Several "push" and "pull" factors play roles in the motivation of patients to become a medical tourist. 7-9 The push factors, factors that drive people abroad, are high costs, long waiting periods, and lack of insurance in their homeland. 10 Pull factors, factors that attract people to medical tourism destinations, may include high quality, similar language, and same religion and culture.