“…An exception is the area threat to life/bizarre punishment/intense pain where each item asks for a different event disregarding the social setting. As pathogenic family structures have been suggested to be related to adult psychopathology (Fromuth, 1986;Nash, Husley, Sexton, Harralson, & Lambert, 1993) the TEC also includes family related items that go beyond the current definition of a traumatic event in the DSM-IV criterion A1. These are included in 11 additional items which do not belong to the above mentioned areas, covering parentification (being forced into adult roles and responsibilities), poverty, alcohol or drug abuse by family members, psychiatric illness of family members, death of a family member, divorce, war experiences, serious illness or injury and witnessing the traumatization of other people.…”