The relationships between the quadratus plantae and the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus

Edama, Mutsuaki; Takabayashi, Tomoya; Inai, Takuma; Kikumoto, Takanori; Hirabayashi, Ryo; Ito, Wataru; Nakamura, Emi; Ikezu, Masahiro; Kaneko, Fumiya; Kageyama, Ikuo

doi:10.1007/s00276-019-02240-9

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Tendinous slips arising from both QP and FHL to insert distally on FDL near the metatarsophalangeal joints have not previously been reported. This is unlike other cases in which the variant tendinous slips were strictly associated with the tendons of FDL and the lumbricals [ 1 , 6 ]. Additionally, a portion of QP inserted on the FHL tendon only, rather than on both FDL and FHL, as previously described in the literature [ 1 , 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…This is unlike other cases in which the variant tendinous slips were strictly associated with the tendons of FDL and the lumbricals [ 1 , 6 ]. Additionally, a portion of QP inserted on the FHL tendon only, rather than on both FDL and FHL, as previously described in the literature [ 1 , 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Both heads of QP converge to insert onto the posterolateral border of the tendon of FDL [ 4 , 5 ]. Several potential actions of QP have been proposed, including countering the oblique pull of FDL, stabilizing the lumbricals, and acting as a lesser flexor of the second through fifth digits [ 1 , 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports regarding the insertion of QP show variability, but traditionally it inserts strictly on FDL [ 3 , 6 ]. Moreover, the tendon of FHL is reported to give off accessory tendinous slips that insert variably on the second, third, and fourth digits [ 5 , 6 ]. However, in all reported cases involving accessory tendinous slips from FHL, QP inserts on FDL or both FDL and FHL, but not exclusively on FHL [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Unique Variation of Quadratus Plantae in Relation to the Tendons of the Midfoot

Coomar

Daly

Bauman

2022

JFMK

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A novel combination of variations involving the quadratus plantae muscle (QP) and its relationship to the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon was observed unilaterally in the right foot of an 88-year-old female cadaver during routine dissection. The medial head of QP was observed inserting onto the tendon of FHL rather than the tendon of flexor digitorum longus (FDL), while also contributing to an anomalous tendinous slip to the second digit in conjunction with the tendon of FHL. The tendon of FHL also gave off a slip to the third digit. Both tendinous slips attached distally to the digital tendons of FDL. Lastly, the lateral head of QP inserted onto the tendinous slip from FHL to the third digit. Ninety-five additional feet were assessed for these variations, but none were observed. This combination of variations expands upon the proposed actions of QP in the literature. Furthermore, connections between the tendons of the midfoot are of clinical significance for harvesting tendon grafts.

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