The replacement of fish meal with fermented Moringa leaves meal and its effect on the immune response of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

Abstract

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) has frequently been studied as an alternative and promising protein source in fish feed. Moringa leaves is among the potential and affordable plant-based protein source ingredient, as it protein, vitamin, beta-carotene, and various kind of minerals. Flavonoid, saponin, vitamin and alkaloids reportedly exhibit immune-stimulating activity which increase immune response. This study aims to evaluate the replacement of fish meal with fermented Moringa leaves meal in feed on the immune response of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design by four treatments in triplicate. The treatments include replacement of the fish meal with fermented moringa leaves meal at 0, 10, 20, and 30 %. Red tilapia with total length of 9 to 10 cm was fed twice daily for two months at a feeding rate of 3 % of total biomass. The results showed that replacement fish meal with fermented Moringa leaves meal as much as 20 % increases the percentage values of hematocrit and leukocrit, stimulates phagocytic activity and phagocytic index, suppresses monocyte and increases lymphocytes, and increases total plasma protein.

Moringa oleifera Leaves’ Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, and Growth in Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

“…The water extract of some herbs has been proven to increase the immune response of whiteleg shrimp [ 28 , 29 , 39 , 40 ]. Moringa herb has antitumor, antioxidant, anticancer, antistress, immunostimulatory effects in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) and nile tilapia [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], because of its phytochemicals, such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids, tannin, lectin, and terpenoids [ 46 ].…”

Valorization of weed Portulaca oleracea L. as an alternative to fish feed ingredient

“…Hydrolyzed purslane through enzymatic reaction resulted in a reduction of ash content from 10.19% to 8.04%. The ash content within the hydrolyzed purslane exhibited a notable , 03029 (2024) BIO Web of Conferences ICFAES 2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248703029 87 decrease in comparison to that of Moringa leaves meal (9.70%) and fermented Moringa leaves meal (14.05%) [39].…”

Growth performance and hematological responses of silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus bleeker, 1850) fingerlings to dietary blanched moringa (Moringa oleifera lam.) leaf meal as a substitute of soybean meal

“…Similar results of protein variation in red tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) fed with fermented moringa leaves based feed reported by Helmiati et al [ 47 ]. In addition, Adeshina et al [ 14 ] reported the similar result where moringa based feed showed a higher protein efficiency ratio than the control.…”