The resurfacing of adult rabbit articular cartilage by multiple perforations through the subchondral bone

Mitchell, Nelson; Shepard, Nora

doi:10.2106/00004623-197658020-00012

Cited by 418 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

156

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In such a scenario this model predicts an overall reduction in the number of stem cells within the defect, as the rate of cell apoptosis now exceeds the limited proliferative ability of the remaining cell population. This cellular sequence of a repair tissue that is initially hypercellular, followed by a reduction in cell number as time progresses, has been observed experimentally (Shapiro et al, 1993;Mitchell and Shepard, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Mechano-regulation of stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in osteochondral defects

Kelly

Prendergast

2005

Journal of Biomechanics

185

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cartilage defects that penetrate the subchondral bone can undergo spontaneous repair through the formation of a fibrous or cartilaginous tissue mediated primarily by mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow. This tissue is biomechanically inferior to normal articular cartilage, and is often observed to degrade over time. The factors that control the type and quality of the repair tissue, and its subsequent degradation, have yet to be elucidated. In this paper, we hypothesise a relationship between the mechanical environment of mesenchymal stem cells and their subsequent dispersal, proliferation, differentiation and death. The mechano-regulation stimulus is hypothesised to be a function of strain and fluid flow; these quantities are calculated using a finite element model of the tissue. A finite element model of an osteochondral defect in the knee was created, and used to simulate the spontaneous repair process.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Mechano-regulation of stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in osteochondral defects

Kelly

Prendergast

2005

Journal of Biomechanics

185

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many approaches have been attempted to facilitate the repair of cartilage defects. Most of the early approaches were largely empiric or were based on phenomenological observations (36,40). The early work of Pridie (40) clearly implicated the marrow space as a repository of reparative cells.…”

Section: A Solchaga Et a Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Partial-thickness defects do not penetrate the subchondral plate and do not have access to reparative cells, whereas full-thickness osteochondral defects have access to reparative cells of the marrow. This connection allows infiltration of the defect with progenitor cells from the bone marrow, which can then proliferate and differentiate within the injured site (36,46). In adult mammals, this natural repair lacks durability and fails over time (46).…”

Section: A Solchaga Et a Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronan‐based polymers in the treatment of osteochondral defects

Solchaga

Yoo

Lundberg

et al. 2000

Journal Orthopaedic Research

212

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Articular cartilage in adults has limited ability for self-repair. Some methods devised to augment the natural healing response stimulate some regeneration, but the repair is often incomplete and lacks durability. Hyaluronan-based polymers were tested for their ability to enhance the natural healing response. It is hypothesized that hyaluronan-based polymers recreate an embryonic-like milieu where host progenitor cells can rcgcncrate the damaged articular surface and underlying bone. Oskochondral dcfccts were made on the femoral condyles of 4-month-old rabbits and were left empty or filled with hyaluronan-based polymers. The polymers tested were ACP sponge. made of crosslinked hyaluronan, and HYAFF-11 sponge, made of benxylated hyaluronan. The rabbits were killed 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, and the condyles were processed for histology. All 12-week defects were scored with a 29-point scale, and the scores were compared with a Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance on ranks. Untreated defects filled with bone tissue up to or beyond the tidemark, and the noncalcified surface layer varied from fibrous to hyaline-like tissue. Four weeks aftcr surgery, defects treated with ACP exhibited bone filling to the level of the tidemark and the surface layer was composed of hyaline-like cartilage well integrated with the adjacent cartilage. At 12 weeks, the specimens had bone beyond the tidemark that was covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage. Four weeks after surgery, defects treated with HYAFF-11 contained a rim of chondrogcnic cells at the interface of the implant and the host tissue. In general, the 12-week dcfccts exhibited good bone fill and the surface was mainly hyaline cartilage. Treated defects received significantly higher scores than untreated defects (p < 0.05), and ACP-trcatcd defects scored significantly higher than HYAFF-11-treated defects (p < 0.05). The introduction of these hyaluronan-based polymers into delects provides an appropriate scaffolding and favorable microenvironnient for the reparative process. Further work is required to lully assess thc long-term outcome of defects treated with these polymers.The successful regeneration of any tissue requires not oiily reparative cells with the potential to differentiate into the phenotypes required to restore the damaged site but also a microenvironment that supports the proliferation and differentiation of those cells (12). It is our hypothesis that these reparative cells recapitulate, a t least in part. the sequence of events that leads to the formation of differentiated tissues during embryonic development; therefore. materials that mimic an embryonic environment may be superior scaffolds for tissue-engineered repair of damaged tissues.Articular cartilage has no vascular supply or easy access to large quantities of progenitor cells: thus, cartilage repair is often unsuccessful. Some studies indicate that full-thickness lesions in young animals are

show abstract

“…Convery et al 2 in 1972, in skeletally mature Shetland ponies, noted healing in non-weight-bearing defects but minimal healing in weight-bearing defects. In rabbits, Mitchell and Shepard 13 shaved off the articular cartilage and noted an initial reparative effort at two months and a subsequent decrease in proteoglycans at eight months. Salter 8 investigated the repair of articular cartilage in adolescent rabbits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He found no significant differences in healing between defects of 2 mm depth and those of 4 mm. 10,[13][14][15][16][17] Grande et al 18 made partial-thickness defects in skeletally mature rabbits and noted minimal repair at six weeks, and Shapiro et al 9 described the reparative sequence in rabbits with two full-thickness 3 mm defects in each knee. The role of endogenous and exogenous growth and morphogenetic proteins in the repair of cartilage has also not been systematically investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal sequence of spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects in the knees of rabbits is dependent on the geometry of the defect

Lietman¹,

Miyamoto²,

Brown

et al. 2002

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

D amage to articular cartilage is a common injury,for which there is no effective treatment. Our aims were to investigate the temporal sequence of the repair of articular cartilage and to define a critical-size defect.Full-thickness defects were made in adult male New Zealand white rabbits. The diameter (1 to 4 mm) of the defects was varied in order to determine the effect that the size and depth of the defect had on its healing. The defects were made in the femoral groove of the knee with one defect per knee and eight knees per group. The tissues were fixed in formalin at days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 84 and 126 after operation and the sections stained with Toluidine Blue. These were then examined and evaluated for several parameters including the degree of metachromasia and the amount of subchondral bone which had reformed in the defect.The defects had a characteristic pattern of healing which differed at different days and for different sizes of defect. Specifically, the defects of 1 mm first peaked in terms of metachromasia at day 21, those of 2 mm at day 28, followed by defects of 3 mm and 4 mm. The healing of the subchondral bone was slowest in defects of 1 mm.

show abstract

The resurfacing of adult rabbit articular cartilage by multiple perforations through the subchondral bone

Cited by 418 publications

References 0 publications

Mechano-regulation of stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in osteochondral defects

Mechano-regulation of stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in osteochondral defects

Hyaluronan‐based polymers in the treatment of osteochondral defects

The temporal sequence of spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects in the knees of rabbits is dependent on the geometry of the defect

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About