The risk factors of antenatal depression: A cross‐sectional survey

Abstract

Aims and objectives To investigate the prevalence of depression in the third trimester of pregnancy and identify the related demographic risk factors. Background Antenatal depression as a disabling and treatable disease has a wide‐ranging impact on perinatal women and has received extensive attention from researchers. Design A cross‐sectional survey was conducted at three public hospitals. Methods Demographic questionnaire was developed from the literature review, and depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between depression and demographic predictors. STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was applied in this paper (see Appendix S1). Result A total of 773 pregnant women participated in the study. 29.6% of participants scored more than 9 points on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In the final logistic model, living in rural area, marital satisfaction, assisted reproductive technology, lacking of prenatal health knowledge and life events were strongly significantly associated with antenatal depression. Moreover, living in an extended family, without Medicare insurance, unemployed, working as civil servants or healthcare workers, and lower household income also predicted antenatal depression. However, education level, smoking or drinking before pregnancy was found not to be associated with antenatal depression. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the prevalence of antenatal depression was high. Satisfied with the current marital status, pregnancy without assisted reproductive technology, knowledge of perinatal care and no life events recently were considered as the protective factors for antenatal depression. Relevance to clinical practice Antenatal psychological interventions should focus on how to improve the marital satisfaction and the relationship with their family members. More attentions should be paid to the women who have had some life events recently or received assisted reproductive technology for pregnancy.

Family function fully mediates the relationship between social support and perinatal depression in rural Southwest China

“…The availability of mental health resources in rural areas of China is low [36]. Studies have shown that living in rural areas of China is very signi cantly associated with perinatal depression [37]. Despite previous studies which have demonstrated the relationship between family function and depression as well as social support and depression, few studies have included these three variables in one study.…”

The Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Antenatal Depression Among All Pregnant Women Attending the Obstetrics Clinic for the First Time in A Comprehensive Teaching Hospital

“…For example, the tools used to assess depression [23] and the inconsistent cut-off point for the EDPS used in previous studies can explain antenatal depression disparities. Nine [14] , 10 [16] , 12 [10] , or 13 [24] have been chosen as cut-off points for depression on the EDPS, which led to different prevalence estimates for antenatal depression. Second, the study population might cause these differences.…”

“…Although there have been some studies on the prevalence and risk factors for antenatal depression in China [14][15][16] , little is known about antenatal depression of all pregnant women in obstetrics clinics in China, despite a high prevalence of depression in this area. Furthermore, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a postnatal depression screening tool, was used to assess antenatal depression in prior published papers and different cut-off points were selected for depression.…”

Family function fully mediates the relationship between social support and depression among antenatal and postpartum women in rural Southwest China

“…The availability of mental health resources in rural areas of China is low [36]. Studies have shown that living in rural areas of China strongly signi cantly associated with antenatal and postpartum depression [37]. Despite previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between family function and depression as well as social support and depression, few studies have included these three variables in one study to understand the interrelationships and potential mechanisms of social support, family function and depression among antenatal and postpartum women.…”