The role of alkali modifiers (Li, Na, K, Cs) in activity of 2%Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquione hydrogenation

Kosydar, Robert; Drelinkiewicz, A.; Lalik, E.; Gurgul, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2011.05.036

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…At the same time, N D started to increase. According to a previous report, hydrogen was firstly adsorbed onto the Pd and subsequently reacted with eAQ [9]. If H 2 flow rate was large enough, more H 2 flowed out of the liquid phase prior to its dissociation on Pd surface and did not participate in the reaction, thus leading to the decrease in yield and increase in N D .…”

Section: Effect Of H 2 Flow Ratementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Then, the as-obtained eAQH 2 and H 4 eAQH 2 are oxidized by O 2 /air to produce H 2 O 2 and some other active anthraquinones (mixture of the original eAQ and 2-ethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-9,10-anthraquinone (H 4 eAQ)) [1,2,[6][7][8]. However, in cyclic hydrogenation/oxidation operations, due to the consumption via the parallel reaction pathway I and II (Scheme 1), the content of eAQH 2 slowly decreases and produces products termed as ''degradation products'' [9,10]. Among these, the reaction pathway I is a consecutive process of aromatic ring saturation from eAQH 2 [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, even for the active Pd catalysts prepared by chemical reduction methods (impregnation, H 2 reduction, etc. ), the consumption of eAQH 2 to produce degradation products is inevitable [9,10,17]. Thus, it is imperative to develop an efficient and durable catalyst with high selectivity in the hydrogenation of the carbonyl group rather than the aromatic ring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenation of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted by plant-mediated strategy

Chen

Huang

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Section: Effect Of H 2 Flow Ratementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fabrication of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenation of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted by plant-mediated strategy

Chen

Huang

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…The hydrogenation process requires a catalyst, and currently palladium-based pellet catalysts are mainly used in industrial applications [7,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Halder and Lawal [22] conducted the reaction in a microreactor with inner diameter 0.775 mm and the loading 13 mg supported Pd catalyst (1% Pd).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of hydrogen peroxide over Pd/SiO2/COR monolith catalysts by anthraquinone method

et al. 2016

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“…However, other degradations such as 2-amyl octahydroanthrahydroquinone (H 8 AAQH 2 ) and anthrone (AN) are useless to the H 2 O 2 production. 6 Previous literature about the hydrogenation of anthraquinone used the 2-ethyl-anthraquinone (EAQ) system rather than the 2-amylanthraquinone system. In addition, the research focused on the topics such as the enhancement of mass transfer and the properties of support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Metal Dispersion on the Hydrogenation of 2-Amyl Anthraquinone over Pd/Al₂O₃Catalyst

Li¹,

Su²,

Ren³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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A series of highly dispersed Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalysts were prepared via the polyol method. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence of Pd particle size on the hydrogenation of 2-amyl anthraquinone (AAQ) was investigated in a trickle-bed reactor. The turnover frequency (TOF) showed antipathetic size dependence while the space time yield (STY) peaked at 4 nm. Also, the selectivity and deactivation rate were affected by the size of palladium particles. The structure-sensitivity relations for the catalysts may be ascribed to the necessities of specific Pd cluster structure for the activation of π-bond. Keywords: anthraquinone hydrogenation, H 2 O 2 , dispersion IntroductionHydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is widely used in the chemical industry and environmental protection as an environmentally friendly oxidant. [1][2][3] Today, hydrogen peroxide is manufactured almost exclusively by the autoxidation of 2-alkyl anthrahydroquinone (2-alkyl AQH 2 ) to the corresponding 2-alkyl anthraquinone (2-alkyl AQ) in the so-called AQ process. In the cyclic process, AQ is hydrogenated to yield anthrahydroquinone, then oxidation of the latter produces hydrogen peroxide and regenerates the starting AQ (Scheme 1). 4 Major producers commonly use either the 2-ethyl or the 2-amyl derivative of AQ. In recent years, along with the production growth of downstream products such as propylene oxide and caprolactam, the market demand for H 2 O 2 solution at high concentration has been increasing substantially. Given its high solubility, 2-amylanthraquinone is considered as a good replacement for the widely used 2-ethylanthraquinone to increase productivity. 5 The network of the reactions taking place during the hydrogenation of 2-amyl anthraquinone (AAQ) is quite complicated. The desired products considered as active anthraquinones are 2-amyl anthrahydroquinone (AAQH 2 ) and 2-amyl tetrahydroanthrahydroquinone (H 4 AAQH 2 ), which could produce H 2 O 2 after oxidation. However, other degradations such as 2-amyl octahydroanthrahydroquinone (H 8 AAQH 2 ) and anthrone (AN) are useless to the H 2 O 2 production.6 Previous literature about the hydrogenation of anthraquinone used the 2-ethyl-anthraquinone (EAQ) system rather than the 2-amylanthraquinone system. In addition, the research focused on the topics such as the enhancement of mass transfer and the properties of support. For example, Santacesaria et al. 7 reported that the hydrogenation of 2-ethyl-anthraquinone over Pd catalysts was a fast reaction and the mass transfer of EAQ was the rate limiting step. Based on this, Luo and co-workers 8 designed an egg shell Pd/glass catalyst which can achieve a high instant yield of H 2 O 2 of 11.2 g L -1. Besides, the acid-base property of the support was a key point to influence the catalyst activity and selectivity, as the acid sites of the support were considered as the adsorption sites of EAQ...

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The role of alkali modifiers (Li, Na, K, Cs) in activity of 2%Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquione hydrogenation

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

Fabrication of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenation of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted by plant-mediated strategy

Fabrication of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenation of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted by plant-mediated strategy

Synthesis of hydrogen peroxide over Pd/SiO2/COR monolith catalysts by anthraquinone method

Effect of Metal Dispersion on the Hydrogenation of 2-Amyl Anthraquinone over Pd/Al₂O₃Catalyst

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The role of alkali modifiers (Li, Na, K, Cs) in activity of 2%Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquione hydrogenation

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

Fabrication of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenation of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted by plant-mediated strategy

Fabrication of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenation of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted by plant-mediated strategy

Synthesis of hydrogen peroxide over Pd/SiO2/COR monolith catalysts by anthraquinone method

Effect of Metal Dispersion on the Hydrogenation of 2-Amyl Anthraquinone over Pd/Al2O3Catalyst

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Effect of Metal Dispersion on the Hydrogenation of 2-Amyl Anthraquinone over Pd/Al₂O₃Catalyst