The Role of CD4+ T Cells in the Immunotherapy of Brain Disease by Secreting Different Cytokines

Wang, Jing; Nan, Yunrong; Liu, Mei; Hu, Kaili

doi:10.1007/s11481-022-10056-5

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy individuals, there are 150,000 to 750,000 cells present, with 90% of them being T cells. The ratio of CD4 + T cells to CD8 + T cells is 3.5 to 1 [104] . The CD4:CD8 ratio has been shown to be a marker that predicts mortality in an elderly Swedish population [25] .…”

Section: Certain Populations Of T Cells and Cytokines In Admentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Naïve CD4 + T cells differentiate into distinct subsets of Th cells in response to various stimuli. These Th cells secrete several cytokines that can have both protective and harmful effects on the CNS [104] . A β -specific CD4 + Th1 cells have the ability to stimulate a MHC II + population of microglia, which can abrogate AD-like pathology in a mouse model, possibly through the signaling of interferon γ (IFN- γ ) cytokine [90] , [105] .…”

Section: Certain Populations Of T Cells and Cytokines In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A glance through the effects of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease

Afsar,

Chen,

Xuan

et al. 2023

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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Section: Certain Populations Of T Cells and Cytokines In Admentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Certain Populations Of T Cells and Cytokines In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

A glance through the effects of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease

Afsar,

Chen,

Xuan

et al. 2023

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…CD8 + T cells recognize linear epitopes presented by the MHC class I molecules expressed by almost all cells and differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected cells or tumor cells [ 198 ]. CD4 + T lymphocytes are composed of various subtypes according to their phenotypes, including helper T1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells [ 199 ]. Treg cells can be further divided into thymus-derived Treg cells (tTreg cells) directly developed from CD4-single positive (CD4-SP) thymocytes or peripheral-derived Treg cells (pTreg cells) differentiated from naïve CD4 + T cells upon TCR ligation with TGF-β and IL-2 [ 200 ].…”

Section: The Effects Of Neuroinflammation On Memory Impairment Via Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis

Wu,

Zhang

2023

J Neuroinflammation

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As one of most common and severe mental disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly increases the risks of premature death and other medical conditions for patients. Neuroinflammation is the abnormal immune response in the brain, and its correlation with MDD is receiving increasing attention. Neuroinflammation has been reported to be involved in MDD through distinct neurobiological mechanisms, among which the dysregulation of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus (HPC) is receiving increasing attention. The DG of the hippocampus is one of two niches for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, and neurotrophic factors are fundamental regulators of this neurogenesis process. The reported cell types involved in mediating neuroinflammation include microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, meningeal leukocytes, and peripheral immune cells which selectively penetrate the blood–brain barrier and infiltrate into inflammatory regions. This review summarizes the functions of the hippocampus affected by neuroinflammation during MDD progression and the corresponding influences on the memory of MDD patients and model animals.

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“…These ligands can kill susceptible cancer cells by interacting with their respective death receptors (50-52) (Figure 3A). CD4 + T lymphocytes play a crucial role in regulating the immune response and, in turn, are subdivided into at least Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, and T regulatory (Treg) groups based on cytokine profiles and immune functions (53,54). CD4 + T-cells interact with antigens in the context of MHC class II.…”

Section: Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytementioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular mechanism of actions and clinical utilities of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastrointestinal cancers: a comprehensive review and future prospects toward personalized medicine

Piroozkhah,

Gholinezhad,

Piroozkhah

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain a significant global health burden, accounting for a substantial number of cases and deaths. Regrettably, the inadequacy of dependable biomarkers hinders the precise forecasting of patient prognosis and the selection of appropriate therapeutic sequencing for individuals with GI cancers, leading to suboptimal outcomes for numerous patients. The intricate interplay between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been shown to be a pivotal determinant of response to anti-cancer therapy and consequential clinical outcomes across a multitude of cancer types. Therefore, the assessment of TILs has garnered global interest as a promising prognostic biomarker in oncology, with the potential to improve clinical decision-making substantially. Moreover, recent discoveries in immunotherapy have progressively changed the landscape of cancer treatment and significantly prolonged the survival of patients with advanced cancers. Nonetheless, the response rate remains constrained within solid tumor sufferers, even when TIL landscapes appear comparable, which calls for the development of our understanding of cellular and molecular cross-talk between TIME and tumor. Hence, this comprehensive review encapsulates the extant literature elucidating the TILs’ underlying molecular pathogenesis, prognostic significance, and their relevance in the realm of immunotherapy for patients afflicted by GI tract cancers. Within this review, we demonstrate that the type, density, and spatial distribution of distinct TIL subpopulations carries pivotal implications for the prediction of anti-cancer treatment responses and patient survival. Furthermore, this review underscores the indispensable role of TILs in modulating therapeutic responses within distinct molecular subtypes, such as those characterized by microsatellite stability or programmed cell death ligand-1 expression in GI tract cancers. The review concludes by outlining future directions in TIL-based personalized medicine, including integrating TIL-based approaches into existing treatment regimens and developing novel therapeutic strategies that exploit the unique properties of TILs and their potential as a promising avenue for personalized cancer treatment.

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The Role of CD4+ T Cells in the Immunotherapy of Brain Disease by Secreting Different Cytokines

Cited by 4 publications

References 129 publications

A glance through the effects of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease

A glance through the effects of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease

Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis

The molecular mechanism of actions and clinical utilities of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastrointestinal cancers: a comprehensive review and future prospects toward personalized medicine

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