1988
DOI: 10.1080/09668138808411763
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The role of contracts in the Soviet economy

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Cited by 6 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Research on the late Soviet-era economy showed that this contracting process was relatively decentralized (Heidi Kroll 1986Kroll , 1988. In the Stalin era, supply planning set limits on this process but the limits were broad.…”
Section: Money and Prices In The Seller's Marketmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Research on the late Soviet-era economy showed that this contracting process was relatively decentralized (Heidi Kroll 1986Kroll , 1988. In the Stalin era, supply planning set limits on this process but the limits were broad.…”
Section: Money and Prices In The Seller's Marketmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…26 Negotiated contracting, however, should not be conflated with free competition. In the Commonwealth context it primarily indicates that an increasing number of transactions between the STKs, cooperatives, individually owned enterprises and various state agencies may be set forth in contractual form and that many prices may be negotiable (Kroll, 1988(Kroll, , 1989. These contracts, however, are often subject to state coercion and price negotiations, where permitted, and may be diversely constrained (Conway, 1992).…”
Section: Negotiated Contractingmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The STK will surely be prohibited from selling weapons to anyone other than the Ministries of Defense and the security forces without approval; in some member states they may be prohibited from selling machinery durables directly to the public at negotiated prices. Competitive, negotiated contracting may be concentrated in inter-enterprise transactions and final state purchasers (Kroll, 1988(Kroll, , 1989. Goods that are sold to member state's wholesale supply systems can, it is presumed, be delivered without quantitative restriction, at fixed prices.…”
Section: Property Rightsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There were two counterweights. First, the Army, like other consumers, found limited protection in the state arbitration courts that monitored the contracting process and tended to favor the buyer in their judgments (Kroll 1986(Kroll , 1988. Second, the Army benefited from a unique system of direct monitoring of Industry that no other buyer was able to establish.…”
Section: The Quasi-market For Military Goodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The detail of bilateral bargaining was handled through decentralized contracting procedures that were subject to oversight by the arbitration courts. According to Heidi Kroll (1986Kroll ( , 1988) the working of the decentralized contract system is best understood in terms of the need to economize on centralized planning costs, while the arbitration courts served to protect the buyer's "right to be served" in the context of seller's markets.…”
Section: Third-party Regulationmentioning
confidence: 99%