The Role of Cutaneous Receptors in the Menton Tap Silent Period

Bailey, Jon S.; McCall, W.D.; Mansour, N. N.; Ash, Major M.

doi:10.1177/00220345790580011001

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It stimulates the receptors in the area of application, i.e. the mechanoreceptors in the skin (Bailey et al, 1979) and periodontal mechanoreceptors (Beaudreau et al, 1969); it also stimulates vibration, stretch-and position-sensitive receptors in and around the jaws , and finally it stimulates the vibration-sensitive receptors in the inner ear that can produce a SP even in the absence of activity in the other receptors (van Steenberghe et al, 1981). The contribution of the inner ear receptors to the overall SP response is said to be around 30% (de Laat, 1985).…”

Section: Discussion 'mentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for standardization of silent period measurements in human masseter muscle

Türker

1988

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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The effect of bite force and stimulus intensity on the electrically induced SP has been studied. The results from the present study and earlier investigations suggest that the following guidelines should be used in future SP studies. (i) The electrical rather than mechanical way of stimulation should be preferred since the stimulus parameters and the receptors stimulated can easily be determined. (ii) The sensory perception threshold (T) of subjects should be used when studying and comparing the SP between individuals rather than the actual values of the electrical stimulation since the value of the sensory perception threshold varies from subject to subject. (iii) Rectified and averaged EMG records should be used rather than single raw traces since it is not possible to measure the duration of SPs from single traces. (iv) The subject should be asked to perform 25% of his/her MBF and the BF should be given as a feedback. (v) A stimulus intensity of about 6T should be used so that small changes in the BF would not affect the SPD. (vi) A jaw separation of about 10 mm should be selected in the subjects with normal overjet (2-3 mm), this being slightly thicker than the average isometric force transducer. The transducer can be brought to this thickness using acrylic resin. (vii) A head rest should be used to keep the head position constant (and hence constant jaw position with respect to the transducer) since the head position alone may change the reflexes elicited in the jaws region.

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Section: Discussion 'mentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for standardization of silent period measurements in human masseter muscle

Türker

1988

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…Moreover, a mechanical stimulus which is large enough to cause a reflex response may also stimulate several receptor systems with various synaptic connections to the motoneurons. For example, a tap to the skin of the face stimulates the cutaneous receptors in the area of application (Bailey et al ., 1979), the vibration-, stretch-, and position-sensitive receptors in and around the jaws , and also the vibration-sensitive receptors in the inner ear (Meier-Ewert et al ., 1974). For this reason, it is difficult for a reflex response elicited by mechanical stimuli to be ascribed to a particular afferent system unless it is done extremely carefully.…”

Section: Mechanicalstimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflex Control of Human Jaw Muscles

Türker

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

139

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Introduction The main function of the masticatory muscles is to break food down into pieces small enough to be swallowed. These are strong muscles that generate very large forces across very short distances and apply themvia rigid teeth. Such large forces can easily damage the teeth and their supporting tissues, tongue, cheeks, and the joints unless they are controlled precisely and effectively. There is evidence that the masticatory forces are controlled very precisely and that these forces change from bite to bite, depending on the consistency of the bolus. However, we do not fully understand this control mechanism. Unless the details of the mechanism that controls the masticatory forces in health and disease are thoroughly understood, the diagnosis and treatment of masticatory-related dysfunctions (such as temporomandibular dysfunction) will remain at the present "symptomatic" state.The aim of this review is to discuss what is known about the control of the human masticatory system and to propose a method for standardized investigation. This review is divided into six parts. The first part discusses the activation of human jaw muscle motoneurons by the central and peripheral sources. The second part discusses the receptors that are thought to contribute to the control of human mastication. In part 3, the reflexes elicited in human subjects are discussed. In part 4, simulated chewing experiments are discussed. In part 5, recording and analyzing methods are discussed, and a new method for estimating synaptic potential in human motoneurons is introduced. Finally, in part 6, three frequently asked questions are used to discuss the issues put forward in this review.Presently, our knowledge of mastication and its control by various receptors is patchy. Most of the work in this area comes from animal species with which investigators have used widely varying reduction techniques (anesthetization, decerebration, curarization, etc.). In these preparations, when nerve pathways are the subject of the study, the nerve to be stimulated is dissected free and teased so that one or a few identified nerve fibers are stimulated. The synaptic potential that is induced by this stimulation is recorded by means of microelectrodes that are placed within the central nervous system (reviewed in Lund, 1991;Linden, 1990). It is also possible for investigators to initiate "chewing" in animal preparations, and to study the effects of various receptor systems on the development of force (Lavigne et al ., 1987;.In humans, one must establish the connections of various afferents to the motoneurons that innervate the masticatory muscles under static or dynamic conditions to begin to understand the mechanism and control of mastication. The human work is challenging, since direct recording from motoneurons is not yet possible and precise stimulation of nerves is not easily controlled. Therefore, various indirect measurements have been used for the study of synaptic potential in human subjects. In most of these studies, afferent nerves are stimul...

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Masseteric silent periods electrically evoked in normal subjects and patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Hussein¹,

McCall²

1983

Experimental Neurology

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The Role of Cutaneous Receptors in the Menton Tap Silent Period

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

A method for standardization of silent period measurements in human masseter muscle

A method for standardization of silent period measurements in human masseter muscle

Reflex Control of Human Jaw Muscles

Masseteric silent periods electrically evoked in normal subjects and patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction

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