The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases

Abstract

Rheumatic diseases refer to many diseases with a loss of immune self-tolerance, leading to a chronic inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement in multiple organs or tissues. The cause of rheumatic diseases remains to be elucidated, though both environmental and genetic factors are required for the development of rheumatic diseases. Over the past decades, emerging studies suggested that alteration of intestinal microbiota, known as gut dysbiosis, contributed to the occurrence or development of a range of rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, and Sjogren's syndrome, through profoundly affecting the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses. In this article, we discussed the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases based on a large number of experimental and clinical materials, thereby providing a new insight for microbiota-targeted therapies to prevent or cure rheumatic diseases.

The microbiome in autoimmune diseases

“…The oral cavity is not only the place in the human body that was colonized by bacteria. The majority of microorganisms present in our body are harboured in the human gut, thus affecting the balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory immune responses . As mentioned above, the butyrate produced by intestinal bacteria could explain anti‐inflammatory properties through the differentiation of T reg lymphocytes.…”

“…Also, polysaccharide A produced by B. fragilis binds TLR‐2 on the surface of lymphocytes and DCs. It thus promotes the maturation of CD4 + lymphocytes into T reg lymphocytes and the production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐10 . Rogier et al .…”

“…Also, polysaccharide A produced by B. fragilis binds TLR-2 on the surface of lymphocytes and DCs. It thus promotes the maturation of CD4 + lymphocytes into T reg lymphocytes and the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 [54][55][56][57][58]. Rogier et al [59] reported a decrease of Bacteroidaceae and an increase of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (i.e.…”

Кишечный Микробиом И Остеоартрит

“…Досліджено, що у хворих на ОА при ожирінні збільшується кількість умовно-патогенних бактерій на фоні зменшення вмісту бактероїдів; також у таких хворих зі збільшенням ступеня ожиріння підвищується частота виділення ентерококів при зниженні їх абсолютної кількості у складі мікробіому [5]. Досить детально вивчено роль кишкової мікрофлори в патогенезі автоімунних захворювань, у тому числі запальних захворювань суглобів -ревматоїдного артриту, анкілозуючого спондилоартриту і псоріатичного артриту [6,7]. Важливе значення в активації запального процесу у хворих на ревматоїдний артрит має такий кишковий мікроорганізм, як Prevotella copri [8].…”

Role of Microbiome in Rheumatic Diseases

“…Most bacteria in the Firmicutes group have gram-positive cell wall, while those in Bacteroidetes group have gram-negative cell wall. Firmicutes phylum bacteria, such as Clostridia, Faecalibacteria, and Lachnospiraceae, are butyrate producers, and they possess anti-inflammatory effect in the gut [5]. Remaining 10% are mainly consist of the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia [4].…”