The role of miRNAs in the inflammatory phase of skin wound healing

Abstract

<abstract> <p>Wound healing (WH) is a fundamental physiological process to keep the integrity of the skin, therefore impaired and chronic WH is a common and severe medical problem and represent one of the biggest challenges of public health. The resolution of the WH inflammatory phase is characterized by a complex series of events that involves many cellular types, especially neutrophils, macrophages and inflammatory mediators, which are crucial for a correct wound closure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in wound repair. In fact, miR-142 is linked to inflammation modulating neutrophils' chemotaxis and polarization, while the polarization of M1 toward the M2 phenotype is driven by miR-223 and miR-132 is linked to chemokines and cytokines that activate endothelial cells and attract leukocytes and peripheral cells to the damage site. Thus, understanding the dysregulation of miRNAs in WH will be decisive for the development of new and more effective therapies for the management of chronic wounds.</p> </abstract>

Chemokine Ligand-Receptor Axes for Therapeutic Targeting During Skin Regeneration

“…CXCL8 also activates the receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 in the microvascular endothelial cells that stimulate vascular permeability [16]. The wound resident keratinocytes and endothelial cells also secrete the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL8 which bind to the receptor CXCR2 and ease further neutrophil recruitment [17]. The platelets at the wound site release the growth factors TGF-𝛽1 and PDGFs that activate the Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), neutrophils and macrophages.…”

Evaluation of Cell Migration and Cytokines Expression Changes under the Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Wound Healing In Vitro Model

“…The mechanism by which different phases inhibit and promote each other is through the expression of soluble mediators, such as cytokines and degradative matrix 2 of 14 metalloproteinases (MMPs) that, by guiding interconnected cycles of feedback/forward, allow for an orderly progression of WH. Uncontrolled inflammation prevents, rather than promotes, WH and, in impaired healing, the continued up-regulation of inflammation leads to an abnormal inflammatory profile characterized by an imbalance between MMPs and their inhibitors, favoring wound degradation [5,6]. During wound repair, inflammation and epithelialization are mutually dependent and related processes.…”