The role of mobility for the emergence of diversity in victim–exploiter systems

Chaianunporn, Thotsapol; Hovestadt, Thomas

doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02375.x

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…Of course, parasites can also increase mortality. Due to our assumption of discrete, non‐overlapping generations we follow the implementation of virulence as a reduction in fecundity as proposed by Chaianunporn and Hovestadt (2011). One of the defining differences between predator–prey and host–parasite models is that infected hosts may still reproduce.…”

Section: The Host–parasite Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–parasite dynamics set the ecological theatre for the evolution of state‐ and context‐dependent dispersal in hosts

Deshpande

Kaltz

Fronhofer

2020

Oikos

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While host-parasite interactions are ubiquitous, the large-scale consequences of parasite infections are mainly driven by the spatial context. One trait of pivotal importance for the eco-evolutionary dynamics of such metapopulations is the spatial behaviour of hosts, that is, their dispersal. It is well established that dispersal is not a random process, rather dispersal is informed and may depend on internal and external factors. In host-parasite metapopulations, dispersal may be a function of a host's infection state, but also of the local context, such as host density or parasite prevalence. Using a dynamical host-parasite metapopulation model of a parasite that reduces host fecundity (sterilizing parasite), we explore whether host dispersal evolves to be state-and context-dependent and what shapes the evolutionarily stable dispersal reaction norms have. We show that state-dependent dispersal readily evolves in the sense that hosts disperse more when infected, except when infected hosts pay significantly higher dispersal costs. This dispersal bias evolves due to kin selection, which is consistent with previous studies. Most importantly, we show that prevalence-dependent dispersal evolves, especially when virulence is high and epidemiological dynamics have predictable signatures. The observed evolutionary outcome, a negatively prevalence-dependent dispersal reaction norm for susceptible hosts at high virulence, seems counter-intuitive at first. However, our results can be readily explained by the emergent epidemiological dynamics, especially their spatial and temporal correlation patterns. Finally, we show that context-dependency in dispersal may rely on both, prevalence, and host density cues. Our work provides new insights into the evolution of complex dispersal phenotypes in host-parasite metapopulations as well as on feedbacks with epidemiological dynamics.

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Section: The Host–parasite Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–parasite dynamics set the ecological theatre for the evolution of state‐ and context‐dependent dispersal in hosts

Deshpande

Kaltz

Fronhofer

2020

Oikos

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“…Emergence of a landscape level mosaic in host use could be promoted, however, if the parasites themselves impose a strong effect on their host population as compared to, e.g. the role of habitat (Nash et al, 2008;Chaianunporn & Hovestadt, 2011); corresponding empirical evidence has been suggested for parasitic plants (Pennings & Callaway, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this has not been investigated for Maculinea by testing the host-specificity of offspring bred from males and females that originate from populations using different host species either between or within sites. Moreover, hosts themselves would be under pressure to evolve contrasting recognition systems that cannot be mimicked at the same time (Nash et al, 2008;Yoder & Nuismer, 2010;Chaianunporn & Hovestadt, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rare host species are more likely to evade specialised parasitism providing possible benefits in competition with other host species (Carius et al, 2001;Rolff & Siva-Jothy, 2003;Yoder & Nuismer, 2010). In multispecies communities, this should favour coexistence of multiple host-parasite pairs (Chaianunporn & Hovestadt, 2011) or introduce frequent turnover of antagonistic species (pairs) in local communities (Carvalho & Crisp, 1987;Savill & Hogeweg, 1999;Chaianunporn & Hovestadt, 2012;Rabajante et al, 2015), or promote coevolutionary alternation. We have to recognise, however, that shifting host use within a species of interbreeding parasites, a process called coevolutionary alternation (see Nuismer & Thompson, 2006), may not progress in the same way as, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple host use and the dynamics of host switching in host–parasite systems

Hovestadt

Thomas

Mitesser

et al. 2019

Insect Conserv Diversity

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The link between multi‐host use and host switching in host–parasite interactions is a continuing area of debate. Lycaenid butterflies in the genus Maculinea, for example, exploit societies of different Myrmica ant species across their ranges, but there is only rare evidence that they simultaneously utilise multiple hosts at a local site, even where alternative hosts are present. We present a simple population‐genetic model accounting for the proportion of two alternative hosts and the fitness of parasite genotypes on each host. In agreement with standard models, we conclude that simultaneous host use is possible whenever fitness of heterozygotes on alternative hosts is not too low. We specifically focus on host‐shifting dynamics when the frequency of hosts changes. We find that (i) host shifting may proceed so rapidly that multiple host use is unlikely to be observed, (ii) back and forth transition in host use can exhibit a hysteresis loop, (iii) the parasites' host use may not be proportional to local host frequencies and be restricted to the rarer host under some conditions, and (iv) that a substantial decline in parasite abundance may typically precede a shift in host use. We conclude that focusing not just on possible equilibrium conditions but also considering the dynamics of host shifting in non‐equilibrium situations may provide added insights into host–parasite systems.

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“…Débarre et al [158] show that increased trait dimensionality tends to destabilize evolutionary equilibria. This in turn increases opportunities for evolutionary branching and can therefore favour diversification, which could lead to polymorphisms of dispersal or other traits [159] with (quasi-)equilibrium reached when the systems settle-across different species-in an ideal-free fitness distribution [160]. By contrast, a more complex biotic environment can be understood as inducing a 'cost of complexity' [161], i.e.…”

Section: (B) Increased Trait Dimensionality In Metacommunities and Me...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology of dispersal in biodiverse spatially structured systems: what is old and what is new?

Fronhofer,

Bonte,

Bestion

et al. 2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Dispersal is a well-recognized driver of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, and simultaneously an evolving trait. Dispersal evolution has traditionally been studied in single-species metapopulations so that it remains unclear how dispersal evolves in metacommunities and metafoodwebs, which are characterized by a multitude of species interactions. Since most natural systems are both species-rich and spatially structured, this knowledge gap should be bridged. Here, we discuss whether knowledge from dispersal evolutionary ecology established in single-species systems holds in metacommunities and metafoodwebs and we highlight generally valid and fundamental principles. Most biotic interactions form the backdrop to the ecological theatre for the evolutionary dispersal play because interactions mediate patterns of fitness expectations across space and time. While this allows for a simple transposition of certain known principles to a multispecies context, other drivers may require more complex transpositions, or might not be transferred. We discuss an important quantitative modulator of dispersal evolution—increased trait dimensionality of biodiverse meta-systems—and an additional driver: co-dispersal. We speculate that scale and selection pressure mismatches owing to co-dispersal, together with increased trait dimensionality, may lead to a slower and more ‘diffuse’ evolution in biodiverse meta-systems. Open questions and potential consequences in both ecological and evolutionary terms call for more investigation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.

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The role of mobility for the emergence of diversity in victim–exploiter systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Host–parasite dynamics set the ecological theatre for the evolution of state‐ and context‐dependent dispersal in hosts

Host–parasite dynamics set the ecological theatre for the evolution of state‐ and context‐dependent dispersal in hosts

Multiple host use and the dynamics of host switching in host–parasite systems

Evolutionary ecology of dispersal in biodiverse spatially structured systems: what is old and what is new?

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