The role of mucosal antibody in immunity to infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chickens

Fahey, K. J.; York, Jennifer J.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-71-10-2401

Cited by 56 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In this investigation, the samples were categorized into two age groups (10-35 weeks of age and 36-70 weeks of age). In this study, the prevalence of ILT was found to be 23.24% in the birds of 10-35 weeks of age which was partially consistent with the observation of who found a seroprevalence rate of 25% in the birds of 20-30 weeks of age but it was lower than the findings of Fahey et al (1990) who recorded a prevalence of ILT antibody to be 31% in the birds of 10-30 weeks of age and 37.1% in the birds of 15-35 weeks of age respectively. ILT antibody was found to be 7.83% in 36-70 weeks of age which was similar to the report of Davidson et al (1988).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Ilt On the Basis Of Rearing Systemsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…ILT antibody was found to be 7.83% in 36-70 weeks of age which was similar to the report of Davidson et al (1988). However, for the same age group of birds, Fahey et al (1990) recorded a 16% seroprevalence rate. The prevalence of ILT was 22.78% in the farms maintaining lower level of biosecurity (biosecurity category 2) and 9.17% in the farms maintaining higher level of biosecurity (biosecurity category 1).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Ilt On the Basis Of Rearing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroepidemiology of Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) in the Commercial Layer Farms of Chittagong District, Bangladesh

Uddin¹,

Sen²,

Islam³

et al. 2014

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in commercial layer farms of Chittagong district, Bangladesh. Antigen coated indirect ELISA was performed to determine the antibody titre against ILTV. The overall seroprevalence of ILTV was 17.33% in commercial layer farms in 5 selected Upazilas of Chittagong district. The highest seroprevalence was found in Anowara upazila (26.67%) followed by Rangunia (18.46%), Raozan (16.67%), Boalkhali (13.33%) with the lowest prevalence in Patia (10.90%). The seroprevalence of ILTV was found higher in winter (24%) season compared to rainy (16%) and summer (12%). Significantly higher seroprevalence of ILTV was observed in the birds of 10-35 weeks of age (23.24%) than the birds of 36-70 weeks of age (7.83%). Prevalence of ILT was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in the farms maintaining lower biosecurity (biosecurity category 2) (22.78%) than in the farms maintaining higher biosecurity (biosecurity category 1) (9.17%) and the ILT was more predominant in the birds rearing in deep liter (23.48%) than in the cages (13.14%) which is statistically significant (P < 0.05) with χ2-value of 4.9144. These results denoted that wide seroprevalence of ILTV in commercial layer farms of Chittagong district of Bangladesh.All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

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Section: Prevalence Of Ilt On the Basis Of Rearing Systemsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Prevalence Of Ilt On the Basis Of Rearing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) in the Commercial Layer Farms of Chittagong District, Bangladesh

Uddin¹,

Sen²,

Islam³

et al. 2014

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…Chickens immunized with ILTV-DgC were protected equally well against challenge with virulent ILTV as animals that had survived primary infection with wild-type or gCrescued viruses, and the absence of challenge virus shedding might indicate induction of sterile immunity. These findings are in line with the hypothesis that cellmediated immune responses against hitherto-unknown proteins are crucial for protection against ILTV infection (Fahey & York, 1990;Guy & Garcia, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

In vitro and in vivo characterization of glycoprotein C-deleted infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Pavlova

Veits

Blohm

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Infectious laryngotracheitis is an important respiratory disease of chickens that is caused by an alphaherpesvirus [infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV); Gallid herpesvirus 1]. As herpesvirus envelope glycoproteins are main targets of the humoral host immune response, they are of particular interest for development of vaccines, as well as of diagnostic tools. The conserved, Nglycosylated envelope protein gC has been identified as a major surface antigen of ILTV. To study the function of gC, we now isolated a gC-deleted ILTV recombinant as well as a gC rescuant after co-transfection of permissive chicken cells with virion DNA and transfer plasmids containing engineered subgenomic fragments. Like other alphaherpesvirus homologues, ILTV gC proved to be non-essential for replication. ILTV-DgC exhibited delayed penetration kinetics and slightly reduced plaque sizes in cultured chicken cells, whereas virus titres were not reduced significantly compared with wild-type or gC-rescued virus. In vivo studies revealed that ILTV-DgC is attenuated in chickens. However, infection with high doses of ILTV-DgC was still fatal for approximately 20 % of the animals, whereas wild-type or gC-rescued ILTV led to 50 % mortality. Interestingly, innate and specific immune responses against ILTV-DgC were not reduced but enhanced, and surviving chickens were protected completely against challenge infection. Furthermore, ILTV-DgC might serve as a basis for marker vaccines permitting differentiation between vaccinated and field-virus-infected animals, as gC-specific antibodies could be detected easily in sera of animals infected with wild-type ILTV. INTRODUCTIONInfectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a worldwide-occurring and economically important respiratory disease of chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), also designated Gallid herpesvirus 1. After primary infection, an incubation period of 3-12 days is followed by an acute phase lasting 1-2 weeks. During this time, the virus replicates mainly in trachea, larynx and conjunctiva, leading to respiratory disorders such as gasping, coughing, expectoration of bloody mucus and, less frequently, conjunctivitis. ILTV infection further results in reduced weight gain and egg production, and induces mortality rates between 0 and 80 % depending on strain virulence (reviewed by Guy & Garcia, 2008). ILTV establishes lifelong latency in sensory neurons of surviving animals, and the virus can be reactivated by various stress factors with subsequent virus shedding (Williams et al., 1992). For prevention of ILT, conventionally attenuated live-virus vaccines are in use, which are suitable for mass application, but mostly possess significant residual virulence, which might increase after animal passage (Andreasen et al., 1990;Guy et al., 1991;Guy & Garcia, 2008;Kotiw et al., 1995). To overcome this problem, stably attenuated ILTV recombinants have been generated by targeted deletion of non-essential genes (reviewed by Fuchs et al., 2007).Gallid herpesvirus 1 (ILTV) has been classif...

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“…At best, a synergism between neutralizing antibodies and other defence mechanisms may be assumed . Fahey & York (1990) considered cellular defense mechanisms (cytotoxic lymphocytes, lymphokines) as responsible for the protection of epithelial cells in vaccinated animals. Since neither the SNT nor the ELISA results are an indication of the degree of protection against ILT, the differentiation of sera into clearly positive and negative should generally suf® ce because the interest is whether a¯ock had been in contact with ILT ® eld or vaccine virus (Andreasen et al, 1990) and not the immune status of individual animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of commercial ELISA test kits from Australia and the USA with the serum neutralization test in cell cultures for the detection of antibodies to the infectious laryngotracheitis virus of chickens

Bauer¹,

Lohr²,

Kaleta³

1999

Avian Pathology

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The objective of this work was the evaluation under our conditions of two commercial ELISA kits for the detection of antibodies to avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus, one from Australia (Trop-ELISA, TropBio) and one from the USA (ProFLOK-ELISA, KPL), and to compare their performance with the conventional serum neutralization test (SNT) in chick embryo liver cells. Repeatability varied considerably, particularly when using the Trop-ELISA. Therefore, if individual results are important, at least two parallel measurements per serum sample are recommended. In 89.3% of the sera tested by SNT, results of two parallel measurements did not vary by more than one 2-fold dilution step. There was good linear correlation between both ELISAs and the SNT, the correlation coef® cient for the Trop-ELISA being r 5 0.758 and for the ProFLOK-ELISA r 5 0.867. The negative/positive cut-off was rede® ned to suit our conditions. Sera with a SN titre of $ 1:4 were considered positive. Sera with # 15% absorption in the ProFLOK-ELISA were considered clearly negative. For the Trop-ELISA, extinctions of $ 0.477 were considered positive, # 0.168 clearly negative. Values in between were regarded as doubtful for young chickens and as possibly due to non-speci® c reactions in older chickens. The sensitivity and speci® city of the ELISAs relative to the SNT were 87 and 77% for the Trop-ELISA, and 95 and 60%, respectively, for the ProFLOK-ELISA. However, the results indicate that the sensitivity of the ELISA is higher than that of the SNT, because most sera showed similar deviations from SNT results with both ELISAs. Generally, both ELISAs were a suitable alternative to the SNT under our conditions, as long as only negative/positive results are required.

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The role of mucosal antibody in immunity to infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chickens

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Seroepidemiology of Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) in the Commercial Layer Farms of Chittagong District, Bangladesh

Seroepidemiology of Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) in the Commercial Layer Farms of Chittagong District, Bangladesh

In vitro and in vivo characterization of glycoprotein C-deleted infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Comparison of commercial ELISA test kits from Australia and the USA with the serum neutralization test in cell cultures for the detection of antibodies to the infectious laryngotracheitis virus of chickens

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